महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-104, verse-9

प्रियमेव वदेन्नित्यं नाप्रियं किंचिदाचरेत् ।
विरमेच्छुष्कवैरेभ्यः कण्ठायासं च वर्जयेत् ॥९॥

9. priyameva vadennityaṁ nāpriyaṁ kiṁcidācaret ,
viramecchuṣkavairebhyaḥ kaṇṭhāyāsaṁ ca varjayet.

9. priyam eva vadet nityam na apriyam kiñcit ācaret
viramet śuṣkavairebhyaḥ kaṇṭhāyāsam ca varjayet

9. nityam vadet eva priyam ca na ācaret kiñcit apriyam
viramet śuṣkavairebhyaḥ ca varjayet kaṇṭhāyāsam

9. One should always speak pleasantly and never do anything disagreeable. One should refrain from futile enmities and avoid straining the throat (with harsh speech).

Words meanings summery:

• प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasant, agreeable, dear

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

• वदेत् (vadet) - one should speak, one should say

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• न (na) - not, no

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything, something, a little

• आचरेत् (ācaret) - one should do, one should practice, one should perform

• विरमेत् (viramet) - one should desist, one should cease, one should refrain

• शुष्कवैरेभ्यः (śuṣkavairebhyaḥ) - from futile hostilities, from dry quarrels

• कण्ठायासम् (kaṇṭhāyāsam) - throat-exertion, strain on the throat (e.g., from harsh speech)

• च (ca) - and, also

• वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - one should avoid, shun, abandon

Words meanings and morphology

प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasant, agreeable, dear

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasant

Note: Adjective used as a noun, referring to 'pleasant words' or 'pleasant things'.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

वदेत् (vadet) - one should speak, one should say

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial accusative of nitya.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+priya)

• na – not, un-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective

Note: Adjective used as a noun, referring to 'disagreeable things'.

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything, something, a little

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'anything at all'.

आचरेत् (ācaret) - one should do, one should practice, one should perform

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of ā-car

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

विरमेत् (viramet) - one should desist, one should cease, one should refrain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vi-ram

Prefix: vi

Root: ram (class 1)

शुष्कवैरेभ्यः (śuṣkavairebhyaḥ) - from futile hostilities, from dry quarrels

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, plural of śuṣkavaira

śuṣkavaira - futile hostility, dry quarrel

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śuṣka+vaira)

• śuṣka – dry, withered, futile
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √śuṣ + kta
  Root: śuṣ (class 4)
• vaira – hostility, enmity, hatred
  noun (neuter)

कण्ठायासम् (kaṇṭhāyāsam) - throat-exertion, strain on the throat (e.g., from harsh speech)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kaṇṭhāyāsa

kaṇṭhāyāsa - exertion of the throat, strain on the throat

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kaṇṭha+āyāsa)

• kaṇṭha – throat, neck
  noun (masculine)
• āyāsa – exertion, effort, fatigue
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from ā-√yas
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yas (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - one should avoid, shun, abandon

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vṛj

From the causative stem of √vṛj or a denominative from varja.

Root: vṛj (class 10)