महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-104, verse-20

यः कालो हि व्यतिक्रामेत्पुरुषं कालकाङ्क्षिणम् ।
दुर्लभः स पुनः कालः कालधर्मचिकीर्षुणा ॥२०॥

20. yaḥ kālo hi vyatikrāmetpuruṣaṁ kālakāṅkṣiṇam ,
durlabhaḥ sa punaḥ kālaḥ kāladharmacikīrṣuṇā.

20. yaḥ kālaḥ hi vyatikrāmet puruṣam kālakāṅkṣiṇam
durlabhaḥ sa punaḥ kālaḥ kāladharmacikīrṣuṇā

20. hi,
yaḥ kālaḥ kālakāṅkṣiṇam puruṣam vyatikrāmet saḥ kālaḥ punaḥ kāladharmacikīrṣuṇā durlabhaḥ (bhavati)

20. Indeed, if the opportune moment (kāla) passes by a person (puruṣa) who is waiting for it, that moment becomes difficult to obtain again for one who wishes to execute the duties (dharma) appropriate for that time.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - if a time (which, who)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time, opportune moment

• हि (hi) - emphasizes the consequence (indeed, surely, for)

• व्यतिक्रामेत् (vyatikrāmet) - may pass by, may elapse, may transcend

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - a person, a man

• कालकाङ्क्षिणम् (kālakāṅkṣiṇam) - awaiting the opportune moment

• दुर्लभः (durlabhaḥ) - difficult to obtain, rare

• स (sa) - that very (time) (that, it)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time, opportune moment

• कालधर्मचिकीर्षुणा (kāladharmacikīrṣuṇā) - by one who wishes to perform the proper action for the time

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - if a time (which, who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Subject of vyatikrāmet.

कालः (kālaḥ) - time, opportune moment

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, opportune moment (kāla)

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Refers to the opportune moment.

हि (hi) - emphasizes the consequence (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or causal particle.

व्यतिक्रामेत् (vyatikrāmet) - may pass by, may elapse, may transcend

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kram

Optative mood, third person singular, active voice

From root kram (class 1) with prefixes vi- and ati-.

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Condition in a conditional sentence.

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - a person, a man

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being; the Supreme Being (puruṣa)

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of vyatikrāmet.

कालकाङ्क्षिणम् (kālakāṅkṣiṇam) - awaiting the opportune moment

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kālakāṅkṣin

kālakāṅkṣin - awaiting the proper time, biding one's time

Agent noun suffix -in.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+ākāṅkṣin)

• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kḷp (class 1)
• ākāṅkṣin – desiring, wishing, awaiting
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root kāṅkṣ with prefix ā-, suffix -in.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies puruṣam.

दुर्लभः (durlabhaḥ) - difficult to obtain, rare

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durlabha

durlabha - difficult to obtain, rare, unattainable

Compound of dur- (difficult) and labha (obtaining, from root labh).

Compound type : praadi-tatpuruṣa (dur+labha)

• dur – bad, difficult, hard
  prefix
• labha – obtaining, gain
  noun (masculine)
  From root labh with suffix -a.
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for kālaḥ.

स (sa) - that very (time) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers back to kālaḥ.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

कालः (kālaḥ) - time, opportune moment

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, opportune moment (kāla)

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Subject.

कालधर्मचिकीर्षुणा (kāladharmacikīrṣuṇā) - by one who wishes to perform the proper action for the time

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāladharmacikīrṣu

kāladharmacikīrṣu - desirous of performing the appropriate duty/action (dharma) for the time (kāla)

Desiderative of kṛ (to do) + suffix -u, combined with kāla-dharma.

Compound of kāla, dharma, and cikīrṣu (desirous of doing).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāla+dharma+cikīrṣu)

• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kḷp (class 1)
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• cikīrṣu – desirous of doing, intending to do
  adjective (masculine)
  desiderative noun/adjective
  Desiderative stem of root kṛ (to do), suffix -u.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agent of the difficulty, 'by one who...'.