महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-104, verse-38

यदा बहुविधां वृद्धिं मन्यते प्रतिलोमतः ।
तदा विवृत्य प्रहरेद्दस्यूनामविचारयन् ॥३८॥

38. yadā bahuvidhāṁ vṛddhiṁ manyate pratilomataḥ ,
tadā vivṛtya prahareddasyūnāmavicārayan.

38. yadā bahuvidhām vṛddhim manyate pratilomataḥ
tadā vivṛtya praharet dasyūnām avicārayan

38. yadā pratilomataḥ bahuvidhām vṛddhim manyate,
tadā vivṛtya avicārayan dasyūnām praharet

38. When one perceives a manifold increase (in the enemy's strength) from an adverse direction, then, turning back, one should strike the dacoits without hesitation.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when

• बहुविधाम् (bahuvidhām) - of many kinds, manifold

• वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - increase, growth, prosperity

• मन्यते (manyate) - perceives, considers, thinks

• प्रतिलोमतः (pratilomataḥ) - from an adverse direction, in reverse, from behind

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• विवृत्य (vivṛtya) - having turned back, turning about

• प्रहरेत् (praharet) - should strike, should attack

• दस्यूनाम् (dasyūnām) - of the dacoits, of the bandits, of the enemies

• अविचारयन् (avicārayan) - not considering, without thinking, without hesitation

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

बहुविधाम् (bahuvidhām) - of many kinds, manifold

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bahuvidha

bahuvidha - of many kinds, manifold, various

वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - increase, growth, prosperity

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛddhi

vṛddhi - growth, increase, prosperity, success

मन्यते (manyate) - perceives, considers, thinks

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Root: man (class 4)

प्रतिलोमतः (pratilomataḥ) - from an adverse direction, in reverse, from behind

(indeclinable)

Suffix -taḥ indicating 'from'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

विवृत्य (vivṛtya) - having turned back, turning about

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root vṛt (to turn) with upasarga vi and absolutive suffix -ya.

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛt (class 1)

प्रहरेत् (praharet) - should strike, should attack

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of hṛ

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

दस्यूनाम् (dasyūnām) - of the dacoits, of the bandits, of the enemies

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dasyu

dasyu - dacoit, bandit, robber, enemy

अविचारयन् (avicārayan) - not considering, without thinking, without hesitation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avicārayat

avicārayat - not considering, unthinking

Present Active Participle

Negative prefix 'a' combined with the present active participle of the causal stem of root car (to move, consider) with upasarga vi-ā.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vicārayat)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vicārayat – considering, deliberating
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  Causal stem of root car (to move, consider) with upasarga vi-ā, plus present active participle suffix śatṛ.
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: car (class 1)