महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-104, verse-45

बृहस्पतिरुवाच ।
परोक्षमगुणानाह सद्गुणानभ्यसूयति ।
परैर्वा कीर्त्यमानेषु तूष्णीमास्ते पराङ्मुखः ॥४५॥

45. bṛhaspatiruvāca ,
parokṣamaguṇānāha sadguṇānabhyasūyati ,
parairvā kīrtyamāneṣu tūṣṇīmāste parāṅmukhaḥ.

45. bṛhaspatiḥ uvāca parokṣam aguṇān āha sadguṇān abhyasūyati
paraiḥ vā kīrtyamāneṣu tūṣṇīm āste parāṅmukhaḥ

45. bṛhaspatiḥ uvāca (saḥ) parokṣam aguṇān āha,
sadguṇān abhyasūyati,
vā paraiḥ kīrtyamāneṣu (satsu) parāṅmukhaḥ tūṣṇīm āste.

45. Bṛhaspati said: [Such a person] speaks of others' faults, begrudges good qualities, and remains silent, turning away, when others are praised.

Words meanings summery:

• बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati (name of a sage, preceptor of the gods)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• परोक्षम् (parokṣam) - referring to the faults of others not directly observed or spoken about behind their back (out of sight, indirectly, secretly; faults of others)

• अगुणान् (aguṇān) - faults, vices, bad qualities

• आह (āha) - speaks, says

• सद्गुणान् (sadguṇān) - good qualities, virtues

• अभ्यसूयति (abhyasūyati) - envies, begrudges, maligns, disparages

• परैः (paraiḥ) - by others

• वा (vā) - or, and

• कीर्त्यमानेषु (kīrtyamāneṣu) - when being praised, glorified, celebrated

• तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, quietly

• आस्ते (āste) - remains, sits

• पराङ्मुखः (parāṅmukhaḥ) - with averted face, turning away

Words meanings and morphology

बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati (name of a sage, preceptor of the gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - Bṛhaspati (preceptor of the gods)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active form

Root: vac (class 2)

परोक्षम् (parokṣam) - referring to the faults of others not directly observed or spoken about behind their back (out of sight, indirectly, secretly; faults of others)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parokṣa

parokṣa - beyond sight, invisible, secret, absent; (as noun) a fault, a defect (when referring to others)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (para+akṣa)

• para – other, different, beyond
  adjective
• akṣa – eye, sense organ
  noun (neuter)

अगुणान् (aguṇān) - faults, vices, bad qualities

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aguṇa

aguṇa - without quality, fault, defect, vice

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+guṇa)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• guṇa – quality, virtue, attribute
  noun (masculine)

आह (āha) - speaks, says

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Perfect active form

Root: ah (class 2)

सद्गुणान् (sadguṇān) - good qualities, virtues

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sadguṇa

sadguṇa - good quality, virtue

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+guṇa)

• sat – good, true, existing
  adjective
• guṇa – quality, virtue, attribute
  noun (masculine)

अभ्यसूयति (abhyasūyati) - envies, begrudges, maligns, disparages

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of abhyasūy

Prefix: abhi

Root: asūy (class 10)

परैः (paraiḥ) - by others

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, different, supreme

वा (vā) - or, and

(indeclinable)

कीर्त्यमानेषु (kīrtyamāneṣu) - when being praised, glorified, celebrated

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of kīrtyamāna

kīrtyamāna - being praised, being glorified

present passive participle

From root kīrt (10th class, 'to praise'), with passive suffix -yamāna

Root: kīrt (class 10)

तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, quietly

(indeclinable)

आस्ते (āste) - remains, sits

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ās

Root: ās (class 2)

पराङ्मुखः (parāṅmukhaḥ) - with averted face, turning away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāṅmukha

parāṅmukha - having the face turned away, averted, hostile, disinclined

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parāñc+mukha)

• parāñc – turned away, reversed, backward
  adjective
• mukha – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)