महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-104, verse-52

भीष्म उवाच ।
स तद्वचः शत्रुनिबर्हणे रतस्तथा चकारावितथं बृहस्पतेः ।
चचार काले विजयाय चारिहा वशं च शत्रूननयत्पुरंदरः ॥५२॥

52. bhīṣma uvāca ,
sa tadvacaḥ śatrunibarhaṇe rata;stathā cakārāvitathaṁ bṛhaspateḥ ,
cacāra kāle vijayāya cārihā; vaśaṁ ca śatrūnanayatpuraṁdaraḥ.

52. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca saḥ tat vacaḥ śatrunibarhaṇe
rataḥ tathā cakāra avitatham
bṛhaspateḥ cacāra kāle vijayāya ca
arihā vaśam ca śatrūn anayat purandaraḥ

52. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca saḥ śatrunibarhaṇe rataḥ
tat bṛhaspateḥ vacaḥ tathā avitatham
cakāra ca arihā purandaraḥ kāle
vijayāya cacāra ca śatrūn vaśam anayat

52. Bhishma said: That one, who was devoted to vanquishing foes, thus fulfilled the counsel of Brihaspati. And Purandara, the annihilator of adversaries, advanced at the opportune moment for victory and brought his enemies under his dominion.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• सः (saḥ) - He (referring to Purandara/Indra, the subject of the previous verses) (he, that one)

• तत् (tat) - that (counsel) (that, it)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - the counsel or advice (word, speech, counsel)

• शत्रुनिबर्हणे (śatrunibarhaṇe) - in vanquishing foes (in the destruction of enemies, in crushing foes)

• रतः (rataḥ) - devoted to or engaged in (intent on, devoted to, delighted in)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• चकार (cakāra) - he fulfilled or made true (he made, he did, he performed)

• अवितथम् (avitatham) - made unfailing, made true, fulfilled (unfailing, true, not false)

• बृहस्पतेः (bṛhaspateḥ) - of Brihaspati (Jupiter, preceptor of gods)

• चचार (cacāra) - he acted or proceeded (he moved, he walked, he acted)

• काले (kāle) - at the opportune moment (in time, at the proper time)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory, for triumph

• च (ca) - and

• अरिहा (arihā) - the annihilator of adversaries (destroyer of enemies, slayer of foes)

• वशम् (vaśam) - under his dominion (control, power, sway)

• च (ca) - and

• शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies, foes

• अनयत् (anayat) - he brought (under control) (he led, he brought)

• पुरन्दरः (purandaraḥ) - Indra, the destroyer of cities (Purandara (epithet of Indra, 'destroyer of cities'))

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character in Mahabharata); terrible, formidable

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

root vac, perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - He (referring to Purandara/Indra, the subject of the previous verses) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Purandara (Indra).

तत् (tat) - that (counsel) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Modifies 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - the counsel or advice (word, speech, counsel)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, counsel

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'cakāra'.

शत्रुनिबर्हणे (śatrunibarhaṇe) - in vanquishing foes (in the destruction of enemies, in crushing foes)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śatrunibarhaṇa

śatrunibarhaṇa - destruction of enemies, crushing of foes

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatru+nibarhaṇa)

• śatru – enemy, foe, adversary
  noun (masculine)
• nibarhaṇa – destruction, killing, crushing
  noun (neuter)
  Verbal Noun
  from root bṛh (to tear, destroy) with prefix ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Indicates the sphere of his engagement.

रतः (rataḥ) - devoted to or engaged in (intent on, devoted to, delighted in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rata

rata - delighted, pleased, devoted, engaged in

Past Passive Participle

from root ram (to delight, enjoy) + suffix -ta

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'cakāra'.

चकार (cakāra) - he fulfilled or made true (he made, he did, he performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Perfect Active

root kṛ, perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अवितथम् (avitatham) - made unfailing, made true, fulfilled (unfailing, true, not false)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avitatha

avitatha - not false, true, unfailing

Negative prefix 'a' + 'vitatha'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vitatha)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
• vitatha – false, untrue, vain
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Predicative accusative describing 'vacaḥ'.

बृहस्पतेः (bṛhaspateḥ) - of Brihaspati (Jupiter, preceptor of gods)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - Brihaspati (preceptor of the gods), Jupiter

Note: Possessive, 'Brihaspati's'.

चचार (cacāra) - he acted or proceeded (he moved, he walked, he acted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of car

Perfect Active

root car, perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: car (class 1)

काले (kāle) - at the opportune moment (in time, at the proper time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, proper time

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory, for triumph

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Indicates purpose.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

अरिहा (arihā) - the annihilator of adversaries (destroyer of enemies, slayer of foes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arihan

arihan - destroyer of enemies, slayer of foes

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (ari+han)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• han – slayer, killing
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root han (to strike/kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Epithet for Purandara.

वशम् (vaśam) - under his dominion (control, power, sway)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, power, control, sway, dominion

Note: Used with verbs like 'anī' (to bring) to mean 'bring under control'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies, foes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, adversary

Note: Object of 'anayat'.

अनयत् (anayat) - he brought (under control) (he led, he brought)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of nī

Imperfect Active

root nī, imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, with augment 'a'

Root: nī (class 1)

पुरन्दरः (purandaraḥ) - Indra, the destroyer of cities (Purandara (epithet of Indra, 'destroyer of cities'))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purandara

purandara - destroyer of cities (epithet of Indra)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (pura+dara)

• pura – city, fortress
  noun (neuter)
• dara – splitter, destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root dṛ (to tear)
  Root: dṛ (class 1)

Note: Main subject of the second sentence.