महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-104, verse-29

प्रणिपातेन दानेन वाचा मधुरया ब्रुवन् ।
अमित्रमुपसेवेत न तु जातु विशङ्कयेत् ॥२९॥

29. praṇipātena dānena vācā madhurayā bruvan ,
amitramupaseveta na tu jātu viśaṅkayet.

29. praṇipātena dānena vācā madhurayā bruvan
amitram upaseveta na tu jātu viśaṅkayet

29. praṇipātena dānena madhurayā vācā bruvan
amitram upaseveta tu na jātu viśaṅkayet

29. One should engage with an enemy through respectful salutations, by offering gifts (dāna), and by speaking sweet words, but one should never show suspicion.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रणिपातेन (praṇipātena) - by respectful salutations (by obeisance, by salutation, by prostration)

• दानेन (dānena) - by offering gifts (by giving, by a gift, by donation)

• वाचा (vācā) - by words (by speech, by word)

• मधुरया (madhurayā) - by sweet (words) (by sweet, by pleasant)

• ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking (speaking, saying)

• अमित्रम् (amitram) - an enemy (enemy, foe)

• उपसेवेत (upaseveta) - one should engage with (one should attend, one should serve, one should engage with)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time (used with 'na' to mean 'never') (ever, at any time)

• विशङ्कयेत् (viśaṅkayet) - one should show suspicion (one should distrust, one should suspect)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रणिपातेन (praṇipātena) - by respectful salutations (by obeisance, by salutation, by prostration)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of praṇipāta

praṇipāta - obeisance, salutation, prostration, bowing down

Derived from pra- + ni- + √pat (to fall)

Prefixes: pra+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

दानेन (dānena) - by offering gifts (by giving, by a gift, by donation)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, gift, donation, liberality (dāna)

Derived from √dā (to give) + -ana suffix

Root: dā (class 3)

वाचा (vācā) - by words (by speech, by word)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice

From √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

मधुरया (madhurayā) - by sweet (words) (by sweet, by pleasant)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of madhura

madhura - sweet, charming, pleasant

Note: Adjective agreeing with vācā.

ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking (speaking, saying)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, saying

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of √brū (to speak)

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Refers to the implied subject of upaseveta.

अमित्रम् (amitram) - an enemy (enemy, foe)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amitra

amitra - enemy, foe, not a friend

Compound of 'a' (not) and 'mitra' (friend).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mitra)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of upaseveta.

उपसेवेत (upaseveta) - one should engage with (one should attend, one should serve, one should engage with)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √sev

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular

Root √sev with upasarga 'upa-'

Prefix: upa

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: The verb sev is Atmanepadi (middle voice).

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates viśaṅkayet.

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time (used with 'na' to mean 'never') (ever, at any time)

(indeclinable)

विशङ्कयेत् (viśaṅkayet) - one should show suspicion (one should distrust, one should suspect)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √śaṅk

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular

Root √śaṅk (class 1) with upasarga 'vi-'

Prefix: vi

Root: śaṅk (class 1)