महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-69, verse-30

रेतोधाः पुत्र उन्नयति नरदेव यमक्षयात् ।
त्वं चास्य धाता गर्भस्य सत्यमाह शकुन्तला ॥३०॥

30. retodhāḥ putra unnayati naradeva yamakṣayāt ,
tvaṁ cāsya dhātā garbhasya satyamāha śakuntalā.

30. retodhāḥ putraḥ unnayati naradeva yamakṣayāt |
tvam ca asya dhātā garbhasya satyam āha śakuntalā

30. O King, the father who begets a son elevates him from Yama's abode (perdition). And you are indeed the one who placed this embryo. Śakuntalā speaks the truth.

Words meanings summery:

• रेतोधाः (retodhāḥ) - father (who deposits semen) (begetter, semen-depositor, father)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• उन्नयति (unnayati) - elevates (from perdition) (raises, elevates, brings up)

• नरदेव (naradeva) - O King Duṣyanta (O king, O lord of men)

• यमक्षयात् (yamakṣayāt) - from Yama's abode (implying spiritual salvation/elevation) (from Yama's abode, from the destruction of Yama, from perdition)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Duṣyanta) (you)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (embryo/son) (of him, of this)

• धाता (dhātā) - one who placed (the embryo), begetter (creator, sustainer, supporter, one who places/bears)

• गर्भस्य (garbhasya) - of the embryo (of the embryo, of the fetus, of the womb)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - the truth (truth, truly)

• आह (āha) - says (present tense equivalent) (says, spoke)

• शकुन्तला (śakuntalā) - Śakuntalā

Words meanings and morphology

रेतोधाः (retodhāḥ) - father (who deposits semen) (begetter, semen-depositor, father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of retodhā

retodhā - begetter, semen-depositor, father

Compound of retas (semen) and dhā (depositing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (retas+dhā)

• retas – semen, virility
  noun (neuter)
• dhā – placing, depositing, bearing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root dhā
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Refers to the father.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Subject of unnayati.

उन्नयति (unnayati) - elevates (from perdition) (raises, elevates, brings up)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of unnī

Derived from ud + nī

Prefix: ud

Root: nī (class 1)

नरदेव (naradeva) - O King Duṣyanta (O king, O lord of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naradeva

naradeva - king, lord of men

Compound of nara (man) and deva (god/lord)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+deva)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• deva – god, lord
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Duṣyanta.

यमक्षयात् (yamakṣayāt) - from Yama's abode (implying spiritual salvation/elevation) (from Yama's abode, from the destruction of Yama, from perdition)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of yamakṣaya

yamakṣaya - abode of Yama, Yama's realm, perdition

Compound of Yama (god of death) and kṣaya (abode, destruction)

Compound type : tatpurusha (yama+kṣaya)

• yama – Yama (god of death), restraint
  noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – abode, dwelling, destruction, loss
  noun (masculine)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Duṣyanta) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

2nd person pronoun

Note: Subject of 'dhātā' (understood 'asi' - 'you are').

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अस्य (asya) - of this (embryo/son) (of him, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Qualifies 'garbhasya'.

धाता (dhātā) - one who placed (the embryo), begetter (creator, sustainer, supporter, one who places/bears)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhātṛ

dhātṛ - creator, sustainer, bearer

Agent noun from root dhā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tvam'.

गर्भस्य (garbhasya) - of the embryo (of the embryo, of the fetus, of the womb)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of garbha

garbha - embryo, fetus, womb, interior

Note: Related to 'dhātā'.

सत्यम् (satyam) - the truth (truth, truly)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, true

Note: Object of 'āha'.

आह (āha) - says (present tense equivalent) (says, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (used as present) (liṭ) of ah

Perfect tense form of 'brū' or 'vac', but used with present meaning

Root: ah

शकुन्तला (śakuntalā) - Śakuntalā

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śakuntalā

śakuntalā - Śakuntalā (name of a female character)

Note: Subject of 'āha'.