महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-69, verse-30

रेतोधाः पुत्र उन्नयति नरदेव यमक्षयात् ।
त्वं चास्य धाता गर्भस्य सत्यमाह शकुन्तला ॥३०॥

30. retodhāḥ putra unnayati naradeva yamakṣayāt ,
tvaṁ cāsya dhātā garbhasya satyamāha śakuntalā.

30. retodhāḥ putraḥ unnayati naradeva yamakṣayāt |
tvam ca asya dhātā garbhasya satyam āha śakuntalā

30. O King, the father who begets a son elevates him from Yama's abode (perdition). And you are indeed the one who placed this embryo. Śakuntalā speaks the truth.

30. הו אדון בני האדם, הבן שנולד מזרע האב מציל אותו מבית יַמַה. ואתה הוא המפרה של העובר הזה, שַׁקוּנְטַלָה אמרה אמת.

Words meanings summery:

• रेतोधाः (retodhāḥ) - father (who deposits semen) (begetter, semen-depositor, father)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• उन्नयति (unnayati) - elevates (from perdition) (raises, elevates, brings up)

• नरदेव (naradeva) - O King Duṣyanta (O king, O lord of men)

• यमक्षयात् (yamakṣayāt) - from Yama's abode (implying spiritual salvation/elevation) (from Yama's abode, from the destruction of Yama, from perdition)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Duṣyanta) (you)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (embryo/son) (of him, of this)

• धाता (dhātā) - one who placed (the embryo), begetter (creator, sustainer, supporter, one who places/bears)

• गर्भस्य (garbhasya) - of the embryo (of the embryo, of the fetus, of the womb)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - the truth (truth, truly)

• आह (āha) - says (present tense equivalent) (says, spoke)

• शकुन्तला (śakuntalā) - Śakuntalā

Words meanings and morphology

रेतोधाः (retodhāḥ) - father (who deposits semen) (begetter, semen-depositor, father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of retodhā

retodhā - begetter, semen-depositor, father

Compound of retas (semen) and dhā (depositing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (retas+dhā)

• retas – semen, virility
  noun (neuter)
• dhā – placing, depositing, bearing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root dhā
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Refers to the father.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Subject of unnayati.

उन्नयति (unnayati) - elevates (from perdition) (raises, elevates, brings up)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of unnī

Derived from ud + nī

Prefix: ud

Root: nī (class 1)

नरदेव (naradeva) - O King Duṣyanta (O king, O lord of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naradeva

naradeva - king, lord of men

Compound of nara (man) and deva (god/lord)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+deva)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• deva – god, lord
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Duṣyanta.

यमक्षयात् (yamakṣayāt) - from Yama's abode (implying spiritual salvation/elevation) (from Yama's abode, from the destruction of Yama, from perdition)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of yamakṣaya

yamakṣaya - abode of Yama, Yama's realm, perdition

Compound of Yama (god of death) and kṣaya (abode, destruction)

Compound type : tatpurusha (yama+kṣaya)

• yama – Yama (god of death), restraint
  noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – abode, dwelling, destruction, loss
  noun (masculine)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Duṣyanta) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

2nd person pronoun

Note: Subject of 'dhātā' (understood 'asi' - 'you are').

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अस्य (asya) - of this (embryo/son) (of him, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Qualifies 'garbhasya'.

धाता (dhātā) - one who placed (the embryo), begetter (creator, sustainer, supporter, one who places/bears)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhātṛ

dhātṛ - creator, sustainer, bearer

Agent noun from root dhā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tvam'.

गर्भस्य (garbhasya) - of the embryo (of the embryo, of the fetus, of the womb)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of garbha

garbha - embryo, fetus, womb, interior

Note: Related to 'dhātā'.

सत्यम् (satyam) - the truth (truth, truly)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, true

Note: Object of 'āha'.

आह (āha) - says (present tense equivalent) (says, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (used as present) (liṭ) of ah

Perfect tense form of 'brū' or 'vac', but used with present meaning

Root: ah

शकुन्तला (śakuntalā) - Śakuntalā

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śakuntalā

śakuntalā - Śakuntalā (name of a female character)

Note: Subject of 'āha'.

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