महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-69, verse-32

अभूतिरेषा कस्त्यज्याज्जीवञ्जीवन्तमात्मजम् ।
शाकुन्तलं महात्मानं दौःषन्तिं भर पौरव ॥३२॥

32. abhūtireṣā kastyajyājjīvañjīvantamātmajam ,
śākuntalaṁ mahātmānaṁ dauḥṣantiṁ bhara paurava.

32. abhūtiḥ eṣā kaḥ tyajyāt jīvan jīvantam ātmajam
| śākuntalam mahātmānam dauḥṣantim bhara paurava

32. This is an impropriety! Who, while still living, would abandon his own living son, born of himself? O descendant of Puru, cherish the magnanimous son of Śakuntalā, the son of Duṣyanta.

Words meanings summery:

• अभूतिः (abhūtiḥ) - impropriety (to abandon a son) (impropriety, misfortune, lack of prosperity)

• एषा (eṣā) - this (abandonment, referring to 'abhūtiḥ') (this (feminine))

• कः (kaḥ) - who (would abandon) (who, what)

• त्यज्यात् (tyajyāt) - would abandon (should abandon, one should abandon)

• जीवन् (jīvan) - (he) while living (living, while living)

• जीवन्तम् (jīvantam) - (a) living (son) (living, alive (accusative))

• आत्मजम् (ātmajam) - (one's own) son (son, daughter, born of oneself)

• शाकुन्तलम् (śākuntalam) - the son of Śakuntalā (of Śakuntalā, relating to Śakuntalā, son of Śakuntalā)

• महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - magnanimous (great-souled, noble, magnanimous)

• दौःषन्तिम् (dauḥṣantim) - the son of Duṣyanta (son of Duṣyanta, relating to Duṣyanta)

• भर (bhara) - cherish, maintain (cherish, support, bear, carry)

• पौरव (paurava) - O Duṣyanta (as a descendant of Puru) (O descendant of Puru)

Words meanings and morphology

अभूतिः (abhūtiḥ) - impropriety (to abandon a son) (impropriety, misfortune, lack of prosperity)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of abhūti

abhūti - impropriety, misfortune, non-existence

From a- (negation) + bhūti (prosperity, existence)

Compound type : avyayibhava (a+bhūti)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• bhūti – prosperity, welfare, existence
  noun (feminine)
  From root bhū (to be, to become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject.

एषा (eṣā) - this (abandonment, referring to 'abhūtiḥ') (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Qualifies 'abhūtiḥ'.

कः (kaḥ) - who (would abandon) (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

Note: Subject of 'tyajyāt'.

त्यज्यात् (tyajyāt) - would abandon (should abandon, one should abandon)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of tyaj

Optative mood, potential sense

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Expresses potential or desire.

जीवन् (jīvan) - (he) while living (living, while living)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive

Present Active Participle

Derived from root jīv (to live)

Root: jīv (class 1)

जीवन्तम् (jīvantam) - (a) living (son) (living, alive (accusative))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive

Present Active Participle

Derived from root jīv (to live)

Root: jīv (class 1)

आत्मजम् (ātmajam) - (one's own) son (son, daughter, born of oneself)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - son, daughter, born of oneself

Compound of ātman (self) + ja (born)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'tyajyāt'.

शाकुन्तलम् (śākuntalam) - the son of Śakuntalā (of Śakuntalā, relating to Śakuntalā, son of Śakuntalā)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śākuntala

śākuntala - son of Śakuntalā, relating to Śakuntalā

Derived from Śakuntalā with suffix -a denoting relation/descent

Note: Qualifies the son to be cherished.

महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - magnanimous (great-souled, noble, magnanimous)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound of mahat (great) and ātman (self)

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies the son.

दौःषन्तिम् (dauḥṣantim) - the son of Duṣyanta (son of Duṣyanta, relating to Duṣyanta)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dauḥṣanti

dauḥṣanti - son of Duṣyanta, relating to Duṣyanta

Patronymic derived from Duṣyanta

Note: Qualifies the son to be cherished.

भर (bhara) - cherish, maintain (cherish, support, bear, carry)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of bhṛ

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Addressed to Duṣyanta.

पौरव (paurava) - O Duṣyanta (as a descendant of Puru) (O descendant of Puru)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paurava

paurava - descendant of Puru, relating to Puru

Derived from Puru (name of an ancient king) with suffix -a denoting lineage

Note: Addressed to Duṣyanta.

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