महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-69, verse-11

अन्यान्परिवदन्साधुर्यथा हि परितप्यते ।
तथा परिवदन्नन्यांस्तुष्टो भवति दुर्जनः ॥११॥

11. anyānparivadansādhuryathā hi paritapyate ,
tathā parivadannanyāṁstuṣṭo bhavati durjanaḥ.

11. anyān parivadan sādhuḥ yathā hi paritapyate
tathā parivadan anyān tuṣṭaḥ bhavati durjanaḥ

11. Just as a virtuous person, speaking ill of others, is indeed greatly tormented, so too a wicked person, slandering others, becomes content.

Words meanings summery:

• अन्यान् (anyān) - others, other people

• परिवदन् (parivadan) - slandering, speaking ill of

• साधुः (sādhuḥ) - a virtuous person (a good person, virtuous, saintly)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, certainly, because, for)

• परितप्यते (paritapyate) - is greatly tormented (he is tormented, he suffers, he feels pain)

• तथा (tathā) - so too (so, thus, in that way)

• परिवदन् (parivadan) - slandering, speaking ill of

• अन्यान् (anyān) - others, other people

• तुष्टः (tuṣṭaḥ) - content (satisfied, pleased, content)

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes (he becomes, he is, he exists)

• दुर्जनः (durjanaḥ) - a wicked person (a wicked person, bad man)

Words meanings and morphology

अन्यान् (anyān) - others, other people

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different; another person

Note: Direct object of parivadan.

परिवदन् (parivadan) - slandering, speaking ill of

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivadat

parivadat - slandering, reviling, speaking ill of (present active participle)

present active participle

Derived from pari (prefix) + √vad (class 1, vadati, to speak).

Prefix: pari

Root: vad (class 1)

साधुः (sādhuḥ) - a virtuous person (a good person, virtuous, saintly)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, upright, righteous; a good man, saint

Root: sādh

Note: Subject of the first clause.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, certainly, because, for)

(indeclinable)

परितप्यते (paritapyate) - is greatly tormented (he is tormented, he suffers, he feels pain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle/passive, present (laṭ) of paritap

present tense, middle voice

Derived from pari (prefix) + √tap (class 1, tapati, to heat, suffer). Here, passive form often denotes suffering.

Prefix: pari

Root: tap (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - so too (so, thus, in that way)

(indeclinable)

परिवदन् (parivadan) - slandering, speaking ill of

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivadat

parivadat - slandering, reviling, speaking ill of (present active participle)

present active participle

Derived from pari (prefix) + √vad (class 1, vadati, to speak).

Prefix: pari

Root: vad (class 1)

अन्यान् (anyān) - others, other people

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different; another person

Note: Direct object of parivadan.

तुष्टः (tuṣṭaḥ) - content (satisfied, pleased, content)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tuṣṭa

tuṣṭa - satisfied, pleased, contented, happy

past passive participle

Derived from root √tuṣ (class 4, tuṣyati, to be pleased).

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with durjanaḥ.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes (he becomes, he is, he exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

present tense

Derived from root √bhū (class 1, bhavati, to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

दुर्जनः (durjanaḥ) - a wicked person (a wicked person, bad man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durjana

durjana - a wicked person, bad man, scoundrel

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+jana)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
• jana – person, man, creature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the second clause.