महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-69, verse-12

अभिवाद्य यथा वृद्धान्सन्तो गच्छन्ति निर्वृतिम् ।
एवं सज्जनमाक्रुश्य मूर्खो भवति निर्वृतः ॥१२॥

12. abhivādya yathā vṛddhānsanto gacchanti nirvṛtim ,
evaṁ sajjanamākruśya mūrkho bhavati nirvṛtaḥ.

12. abhivādya yathā vṛddhān santaḥ gacchanti nirvṛtim
evam sajjanam ākruśya mūrkhaḥ bhavati nirvṛtaḥ

12. Just as good people attain peace by respectfully saluting elders, so too a fool becomes content by insulting a virtuous person.

Words meanings summery:

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - by respectfully saluting (having saluted, having honored, having paid respects)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

• वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - elders (elders, old people, respectable people)

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - good people (good people, virtuous people)

• गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - attain (they go, they attain, they reach)

• निर्वृतिम् (nirvṛtim) - peace (state of tranquility) (peace, happiness, liberation, contentment)

• एवम् (evam) - so too (thus, in this manner, so)

• सज्जनम् (sajjanam) - a virtuous person (a virtuous person, good person)

• आक्रुश्य (ākruśya) - by insulting (having insulted, having cursed, having abused)

• मूर्खः (mūrkhaḥ) - a fool, an ignorant person

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes (he becomes, he is, he exists)

• निर्वृतः (nirvṛtaḥ) - content (contented, happy, peaceful, liberated)

Words meanings and morphology

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - by respectfully saluting (having saluted, having honored, having paid respects)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from abhi (prefix) + √vad (class 1, to speak) + ya suffix (kvip/lyap). Specifically lyap form for prefixed roots.

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - elders (elders, old people, respectable people)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, wise; an elder, old person

Past passive participle of √vṛdh (to grow), used as a noun/adjective.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

सन्तः (santaḥ) - good people (good people, virtuous people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sant

sant - being, existing, good, virtuous; a good person, saint

present active participle

Derived from root √as (to be). Used as a noun.

Root: as (class 2)

गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - attain (they go, they attain, they reach)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gam

present tense

Derived from root √gam (class 1, gacchati, to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

निर्वृतिम् (nirvṛtim) - peace (state of tranquility) (peace, happiness, liberation, contentment)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nirvṛti

nirvṛti - cessation, accomplishment, peace, happiness, contentment, liberation

Derived from nir (prefix) + √vṛt (to turn, exist).

Prefix: nir

Root: vṛt (class 1)

एवम् (evam) - so too (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

सज्जनम् (sajjanam) - a virtuous person (a virtuous person, good person)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sajjana

sajjana - a good person, virtuous man, noble person

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+jana)

• sat – good, true, existing
  adjective
  present active participle
  Derived from root √as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)
• jana – person, man, creature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Direct object of ākruśya.

आक्रुश्य (ākruśya) - by insulting (having insulted, having cursed, having abused)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from ā (prefix) + √kruś (class 1, krośati, to cry, to shout). lyap form.

Prefix: ā

Root: kruś (class 1)

मूर्खः (mūrkhaḥ) - a fool, an ignorant person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūrkha

mūrkha - a fool, ignorant, stupid

भवति (bhavati) - becomes (he becomes, he is, he exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

present tense

Derived from root √bhū (class 1, bhavati, to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

निर्वृतः (nirvṛtaḥ) - content (contented, happy, peaceful, liberated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirvṛta

nirvṛta - contented, happy, peaceful, liberated, extinct

past passive participle

Derived from nir (prefix) + √vṛt (to turn, exist).

Prefix: nir

Root: vṛt (class 1)