महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-69, verse-9

मूर्खो हि जल्पतां पुंसां श्रुत्वा वाचः शुभाशुभाः ।
अशुभं वाक्यमादत्ते पुरीषमिव सूकरः ॥९॥

9. mūrkho hi jalpatāṁ puṁsāṁ śrutvā vācaḥ śubhāśubhāḥ ,
aśubhaṁ vākyamādatte purīṣamiva sūkaraḥ.

9. mūrkhaḥ hi jalpatām puṃsām śrutvā vācaḥ śubhāśubhāḥ
aśubham vākyam ādatte purīṣam iva sūkaraḥ

9. A fool, indeed, upon hearing the good and bad words of people speaking, takes only the bad statement, just as a pig takes excrement.

Words meanings summery:

• मूर्खः (mūrkhaḥ) - a fool, an ignorant person

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, certainly, because, for)

• जल्पताम् (jalpatām) - of those who are speaking (of speaking, of talking)

• पुंसाम् (puṁsām) - of people (of men, of persons)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - upon hearing (having heard, after hearing)

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - words (both good and bad) (words, speeches)

• शुभाशुभाः (śubhāśubhāḥ) - both good and bad (referring to words) (good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious)

• अशुभम् (aśubham) - only the bad (statement) (bad, inauspicious)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement (the bad one) (word, speech, statement)

• आदत्ते (ādatte) - takes (only the bad part) (he takes, he accepts, he receives)

• पुरीषम् (purīṣam) - excrement, feces

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• सूकरः (sūkaraḥ) - a pig, a hog

Words meanings and morphology

मूर्खः (mūrkhaḥ) - a fool, an ignorant person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūrkha

mūrkha - a fool, ignorant, stupid

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, certainly, because, for)

(indeclinable)

जल्पताम् (jalpatām) - of those who are speaking (of speaking, of talking)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jalpat

jalpat - speaking, talking (present active participle)

present active participle

Derived from root √jalp (class 1, jalpati, to speak, talk).

Root: jalp (class 1)

Note: Modifies puṃsām.

पुंसाम् (puṁsām) - of people (of men, of persons)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of puṃs

puṁs - man, person, male

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - upon hearing (having heard, after hearing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root √śru (class 5, śṛṇoti, to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

वाचः (vācaḥ) - words (both good and bad) (words, speeches)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice, language

Note: Direct object of śrutvā.

शुभाशुभाः (śubhāśubhāḥ) - both good and bad (referring to words) (good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of śubhāśubha

śubhāśubha - good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious

Compound type : dvandva (śubha+aśubha)

• śubha – good, auspicious, beautiful
  adjective
• aśubha – bad, inauspicious, evil
  adjective
  Prefix: a

Note: Agrees with vācaḥ.

अशुभम् (aśubham) - only the bad (statement) (bad, inauspicious)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśubha

aśubha - bad, inauspicious, evil

Note: Agrees with vākyam.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement (the bad one) (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

Root: vac

Note: Direct object of ādatte.

आदत्ते (ādatte) - takes (only the bad part) (he takes, he accepts, he receives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ādā

present tense, middle voice

Derived from ā (prefix) + √dā (class 3, dadāti, to give; here with ā becomes to take).

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Verb for mūrkhaḥ.

पुरीषम् (purīṣam) - excrement, feces

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of purīṣa

purīṣa - excrement, feces, dirt

Note: Object in the simile.

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

सूकरः (sūkaraḥ) - a pig, a hog

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūkara

sūkara - a pig, a hog, a wild boar

Note: Subject in the simile.