महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-69, verse-7

यदा तु मुखमादर्शे विकृतं सोऽभिवीक्षते ।
तदेतरं विजानाति आत्मानं नेतरं जनम् ॥७॥

7. yadā tu mukhamādarśe vikṛtaṁ so'bhivīkṣate ,
tadetaraṁ vijānāti ātmānaṁ netaraṁ janam.

7. yadā tu mukham ādarśe vikṛtaṃ saḥ abhivīkṣate
tadā itaraṃ vijānāti ātmānaṃ na itaraṃ janam

7. But when he sees his distorted face in a mirror, then he recognizes himself as different (from his previous self-perception), and not another person.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• मुखम् (mukham) - face, mouth

• आदर्शे (ādarśe) - in a mirror

• विकृतं (vikṛtaṁ) - distorted, ugly, changed, transformed

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)

• अभिवीक्षते (abhivīkṣate) - he sees, he observes closely

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• इतरं (itaraṁ) - as different (from his previous self-perception) (another, different)

• विजानाति (vijānāti) - he knows, he recognizes, he understands

• आत्मानं (ātmānaṁ) - himself

• न (na) - not

• इतरं (itaraṁ) - another (person) (another, different)

• जनम् (janam) - person, people, creature

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

Note: Corresponds with tadā.

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Denotes a contrast or transition.

मुखम् (mukham) - face, mouth

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - face, mouth, opening, front, chief

Note: Object of abhivīkṣate.

आदर्शे (ādarśe) - in a mirror

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ādarśa

ādarśa - mirror, reflection, model, example

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Location of seeing.

विकृतं (vikṛtaṁ) - distorted, ugly, changed, transformed

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vikṛta

vikṛta - altered, changed, distorted, disfigured, ugly

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root kṛ with upasarga vi

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with mukham.

सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of abhivīkṣate.

अभिवीक्षते (abhivīkṣate) - he sees, he observes closely

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of abhivīkṣate

Present Middle

Root īkṣ (1st class) with upasargas abhi and vi

Prefixes: abhi+vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Corresponds with yadā.

इतरं (itaraṁ) - as different (from his previous self-perception) (another, different)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itara

itara - other, another, different, the rest

Note: Acts as a predicate accusative to ātmānaṃ.

विजानाति (vijānāti) - he knows, he recognizes, he understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vijānāti

Present Active

Root jñā (9th class) with upasarga vi

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

आत्मानं (ātmānaṁ) - himself

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Note: Object of vijānāti.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates itaram janam.

इतरं (itaraṁ) - another (person) (another, different)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itara

itara - other, another, different, the rest

Note: Agrees with janam.

जनम् (janam) - person, people, creature

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, man, people, creature

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of implied vijānāti (understood from the first part).