भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-11, verse-32
श्रीभगवानुवाच ।
कालोऽस्मि लोकक्षयकृत्प्रवृद्धो लोकान्समाहर्तुमिह प्रवृत्तः ।
ऋतेऽपि त्वा न भविष्यन्ति सर्वे येऽवस्थिताः प्रत्यनीकेषु योधाः ॥३२॥
कालोऽस्मि लोकक्षयकृत्प्रवृद्धो लोकान्समाहर्तुमिह प्रवृत्तः ।
ऋतेऽपि त्वा न भविष्यन्ति सर्वे येऽवस्थिताः प्रत्यनीकेषु योधाः ॥३२॥
32. śrībhagavānuvāca ,
kālo'smi lokakṣayakṛtpravṛddho; lokānsamāhartumiha pravṛttaḥ ,
ṛte'pi tvā na bhaviṣyanti sarve; ye'vasthitāḥ pratyanīkeṣu yodhāḥ.
kālo'smi lokakṣayakṛtpravṛddho; lokānsamāhartumiha pravṛttaḥ ,
ṛte'pi tvā na bhaviṣyanti sarve; ye'vasthitāḥ pratyanīkeṣu yodhāḥ.
32.
śrībhagavān uvāca | kālaḥ asmi lokakṣayakṛt
pravṛddhaḥ lokān samāhartum iha
pravṛttaḥ | ṛte api tvā na bhaviṣyanti
sarve ye avasthitāḥ pratyanīkeṣu yodhāḥ
pravṛddhaḥ lokān samāhartum iha
pravṛttaḥ | ṛte api tvā na bhaviṣyanti
sarve ye avasthitāḥ pratyanīkeṣu yodhāḥ
32.
śrībhagavān uvāca ahaṃ kālaḥ asmi lokakṣayakṛt
pravṛddhaḥ ca lokān samāhartum iha
pravṛttaḥ tvā ṛte api ye sarve yodhāḥ
pratyanīkeṣu avasthitāḥ te na bhaviṣyanti
pravṛddhaḥ ca lokān samāhartum iha
pravṛttaḥ tvā ṛte api ye sarve yodhāḥ
pratyanīkeṣu avasthitāḥ te na bhaviṣyanti
32.
The Blessed Lord said: 'I am Time (kālaḥ), the mighty destroyer of worlds, and I have come forth here to annihilate all people. Even without your action, all the warriors arrayed in these opposing armies will cease to exist.'
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- श्रीभगवान् (śrībhagavān) - The Blessed Lord, Lord Kṛṣṇa
- उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke
- कालः (kālaḥ) - Time, destiny, death
- अस्मि (asmi) - I am
- लोकक्षयकृत् (lokakṣayakṛt) - destroyer of worlds, causing world destruction
- प्रवृद्धः (pravṛddhaḥ) - grown great, mighty, expanded
- लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, people
- समाहर्तुम् (samāhartum) - to gather, to withdraw, to destroy, to annihilate
- इह (iha) - here, in this world
- प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - engaged, set in motion, undertaken
- ऋते (ṛte) - without, except for
- अपि (api) - also, even, too
- त्वा (tvā) - you (accusative)
- न (na) - not, no
- भविष्यन्ति (bhaviṣyanti) - they will be, they will exist
- सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone
- ये (ye) - who, which (plural)
- अवस्थिताः (avasthitāḥ) - situated, standing, arrayed
- प्रत्यनीकेषु (pratyanīkeṣu) - in the opposing armies
- योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters
Words meanings and morphology
श्रीभगवान् (śrībhagavān) - The Blessed Lord, Lord Kṛṣṇa
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śrībhagavat
śrībhagavat - The Blessed Lord, glorious Lord, divine Lord
Compound of 'śrī' (auspicious) and 'bhagavat' (possessing fortune, glorious, divine).
Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (śrī+bhagavat)
- śrī – prosperity, glory, beauty, goddess Lakṣmī
noun (feminine) - bhagavat – blessed, glorious, divine
adjective (masculine)
Possessive adjective formed with 'matup' suffix, from √bhaj (to apportion, enjoy).
Root: √bhaj
Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.
उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac
Perfect Active
3rd person singular. Irregular perfect form of √vac.
Root: √vac (class 2)
कालः (kālaḥ) - Time, destiny, death
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla
kāla - time, season, period, death, destiny
Note: Predicate nominative for 'asmi'.
अस्मि (asmi) - I am
(verb)
1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as
Present Active
1st person singular.
Root: √as (class 2)
Note: Subject is "I" (implied, the speaker Śrī Bhagavān).
लोकक्षयकृत् (lokakṣayakṛt) - destroyer of worlds, causing world destruction
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of lokakṣayakṛt
lokakṣayakṛt - causing destruction of worlds, world-destroyer
Compound formed with 'kṛt' (doer, maker).
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (loka+kṣaya+kṛt)
- loka – world, people
noun (masculine) - kṣaya – destruction, decay, loss
noun (masculine)
From √kṣi (to destroy).
Root: √kṣi (class 1) - kṛt – maker, doer, causing
adjective (masculine)
Agent suffix
From √kṛ (to do, make).
Root: √kṛ (class 8)
Note: Qualifies 'kālaḥ'.
प्रवृद्धः (pravṛddhaḥ) - grown great, mighty, expanded
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pravṛddha
pravṛddha - grown great, mighty, increased, developed
Past Passive Participle
From root √vṛdh (to grow, increase) with prefix pra-.
Prefix: pra
Root: √vṛdh (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'kālaḥ'.
लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, people
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of loka
loka - world, people, realm
Note: Object of 'samāhartum'.
समाहर्तुम् (samāhartum) - to gather, to withdraw, to destroy, to annihilate
(indeclinable)
Infinitive
Derived from root √hṛ (to carry) with prefixes sam- and ā-.
Prefixes: sam+ā
Root: √hṛ (class 1)
Note: Expresses purpose.
इह (iha) - here, in this world
(indeclinable)
Adverb of place/time.
प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - engaged, set in motion, undertaken
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pravṛtta
pravṛtta - engaged in, begun, proceeded, manifested
Past Passive Participle
From root √vṛt (to turn, be) with prefix pra-.
Prefix: pra
Root: √vṛt (class 1)
Note: Qualifies the implied subject "I".
ऋते (ṛte) - without, except for
(indeclinable)
Usually takes accusative or ablative. Here with accusative 'tvā'.
अपि (api) - also, even, too
(indeclinable)
त्वा (tvā) - you (accusative)
(pronoun)
Accusative, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you (pronoun)
Accusative singular, enclitic form.
Note: Object of 'ṛte'.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
Negative particle.
Note: Negates 'bhaviṣyanti'.
भविष्यन्ति (bhaviṣyanti) - they will be, they will exist
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhū
Future Active
3rd person plural.
Root: √bhū (class 1)
Note: Negated by 'na'.
सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole
Universal pronoun.
Note: Qualifies 'yodhāḥ'.
ये (ye) - who, which (plural)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yad
yad - who, which (relative pronoun)
Relative pronoun.
Note: Refers to 'yodhāḥ'.
अवस्थिताः (avasthitāḥ) - situated, standing, arrayed
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of avasthita
avasthita - situated, standing, abiding, arrayed
Past Passive Participle
From root √sthā (to stand) with prefix ava-.
Prefix: ava
Root: √sthā (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'yodhāḥ'.
प्रत्यनीकेषु (pratyanīkeṣu) - in the opposing armies
(noun)
Locative, neuter, plural of pratyanīka
pratyanīka - opposing army, enemy
Compound of 'prati' (against) and 'anīka' (army).
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (prati+anīka)
- prati – against, towards
indeclinable
Prefix/Preposition. - anīka – army, host, face
noun (neuter)
Note: Indicates location.
योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yodha
yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier
From √yudh (to fight).
Root: √yudh (class 4)
Note: Subject of 'na bhaviṣyanti'.