भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-11, verse-18
त्वमक्षरं परमं वेदितव्यं त्वमस्य विश्वस्य परं निधानम् ।
त्वमव्ययः शाश्वतधर्मगोप्ता सनातनस्त्वं पुरुषो मतो मे ॥१८॥
त्वमव्ययः शाश्वतधर्मगोप्ता सनातनस्त्वं पुरुषो मतो मे ॥१८॥
18. tvamakṣaraṁ paramaṁ veditavyaṁ; tvamasya viśvasya paraṁ nidhānam ,
tvamavyayaḥ śāśvatadharmagoptā; sanātanastvaṁ puruṣo mato me.
tvamavyayaḥ śāśvatadharmagoptā; sanātanastvaṁ puruṣo mato me.
18.
tvam akṣaram paramam veditavyam
tvam asya viśvasya param nidhānam
tvam avyayaḥ śāśvata dharma
goptā sanātanaḥ tvam puruṣaḥ mataḥ me
tvam asya viśvasya param nidhānam
tvam avyayaḥ śāśvata dharma
goptā sanātanaḥ tvam puruṣaḥ mataḥ me
18.
tvam akṣaram paramam veditavyam.
tvam asya viśvasya param nidhānam.
tvam avyayaḥ śāśvata dharma goptā.
tvam sanātanaḥ puruṣaḥ me mataḥ.
tvam asya viśvasya param nidhānam.
tvam avyayaḥ śāśvata dharma goptā.
tvam sanātanaḥ puruṣaḥ me mataḥ.
18.
You are the imperishable (akṣara), the supreme object of knowledge. You are the ultimate foundation of this universe. You are the immutable, the protector of the eternal natural law (dharma). In my view, You are the everlasting supreme cosmic person (puruṣa).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- त्वम् (tvam) - You (nominative singular)
- अक्षरम् (akṣaram) - The ultimate imperishable reality (brahman). (imperishable, indestructible, undecaying)
- परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, ultimate
- वेदितव्यम् (veditavyam) - to be known, knowable, worthy of being known
- त्वम् (tvam) - You (nominative singular)
- अस्य (asya) - of this (universe) (of this, of him, of it)
- विश्वस्य (viśvasya) - of the universe, of all, of the whole
- परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate
- निधानम् (nidhānam) - foundation, abode, resting place, treasure
- त्वम् (tvam) - You (nominative singular)
- अव्ययः (avyayaḥ) - undecaying, immutable, imperishable
- शाश्वत (śāśvata) - eternal, everlasting, perpetual
- धर्म (dharma) - The fundamental cosmic order or natural law (dharma). (natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty)
- गोप्ता (goptā) - protector, guardian
- सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal, ancient, everlasting
- त्वम् (tvam) - You (nominative singular)
- पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - The supreme cosmic person (puruṣa). (person, man, supreme being)
- मतः (mataḥ) - considered, thought, opinion, believed
- मे (me) - in my opinion, by me (Arjuna) (by me, to me, my)
Words meanings and morphology
त्वम् (tvam) - You (nominative singular)
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you (singular)
अक्षरम् (akṣaram) - The ultimate imperishable reality (brahman). (imperishable, indestructible, undecaying)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of akṣara
akṣara - imperishable, indestructible, undecaying; a letter of the alphabet
From 'a' (not) + 'kṣara' (perishable).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣara)
- a – not, non-, un-
indeclinable
Negative particle/prefix. - kṣara – perishable, decaying, destructible
adjective (masculine)
From root '√kṣar' (to flow, waste away).
Root: √kṣar (class 1)
परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, ultimate
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of parama
parama - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, most distant
वेदितव्यम् (veditavyam) - to be known, knowable, worthy of being known
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of veditavya
veditavya - what is to be known, knowable, perceptible
Gerundive
Formed from root '√vid' (to know) with the suffix '-tavya' (gerundive).
Root: √vid (class 2)
त्वम् (tvam) - You (nominative singular)
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you (singular)
अस्य (asya) - of this (universe) (of this, of him, of it)
(pronoun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of idam
idam - this, this one, it
विश्वस्य (viśvasya) - of the universe, of all, of the whole
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of viśva
viśva - all, whole, entire; the universe, world
परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of parama
parama - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, most distant
निधानम् (nidhānam) - foundation, abode, resting place, treasure
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of nidhāna
nidhāna - deposit, store, receptacle, foundation, support
From 'ni' + root '√dhā' (to place).
Prefix: ni
Root: √dhā (class 3)
त्वम् (tvam) - You (nominative singular)
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you (singular)
अव्ययः (avyayaḥ) - undecaying, immutable, imperishable
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of avyaya
avyaya - imperishable, undecaying, immutable; an indeclinable word
From 'a' (not) + 'vyaya' (decaying, perishable).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyaya)
- a – not, non-, un-
indeclinable
Negative particle/prefix. - vyaya – expenditure, loss, decay, perishability
noun (masculine)
From 'vi' + root '√i' (to go).
Prefix: vi
Root: √i (class 2)
शाश्वत (śāśvata) - eternal, everlasting, perpetual
(adjective)
of śāśvata
śāśvata - eternal, perpetual, constant, permanent
Note: Modifies 'dharma' within the compound 'śāśvatadharmagoptā'.
धर्म (dharma) - The fundamental cosmic order or natural law (dharma). (natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty)
(noun)
of dharma
dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order
From root '√dhṛ' (to hold, support).
Root: √dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Object of 'goptā' within the compound 'śāśvatadharmagoptā'.
गोप्ता (goptā) - protector, guardian
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of goptṛ
śāśvatadharmagoptṛ - protector of eternal natural law
Agent noun
From root '√gup' (to protect) with agent suffix '-tṛc'. Compound of 'śāśvata-dharma' (eternal natural law) and 'goptṛ' (protector).
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śāśvatadharma+goptṛ)
- śāśvatadharma – eternal natural law
noun (masculine)
Compound: 'śāśvata' (eternal) + 'dharma' (natural law). - goptṛ – protector, guardian
noun (masculine)
Agent noun
From root '√gup' (to protect) + '-tṛc'.
Root: √gup (class 1)
सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal, ancient, everlasting
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sanātana
sanātana - eternal, ancient, primeval, everlasting
त्वम् (tvam) - You (nominative singular)
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you (singular)
पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - The supreme cosmic person (puruṣa). (person, man, supreme being)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa
puruṣa - man, person, male, human being, spirit, soul, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
मतः (mataḥ) - considered, thought, opinion, believed
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mata
mata - thought, considered, believed, held as an opinion
Past Passive Participle
From root '√man' (to think, believe).
Root: √man (class 4)
मे (me) - in my opinion, by me (Arjuna) (by me, to me, my)
(pronoun)
Genitive, singular of asmad
asmad - I, me
Note: Here functioning as an agent 'by me' or possessive 'my opinion'.