योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-99, verse-50

मूर्खस्य यादृशमिदं तु तदज्ञ एव जानात्यसौ न हि वयं किल तत्र तज्ज्ञाः ।
मत्स्यो हि यो मृगनदीसलिले स एव जानाति तच्चपलवीचिविवर्तनानि ॥ ५० ॥

mūrkhasya yādṛśamidaṃ tu tadajña eva jānātyasau na hi vayaṃ kila tatra tajjñāḥ ,
matsyo hi yo mṛganadīsalile sa eva jānāti taccapalavīcivivartanāni 50

50. mūrkhaysa yādṛśam idam tu tat ajñaḥ eva
jānāti asau na hi vayam kila tatra
tatjñāḥ matsyaḥ hi yaḥ mṛganadīsalile
saḥ eva jānāti tat capalavīcivivartanāni

50. mūrkhaysa idam yādṛśam tu asau ajñaḥ
eva tat jānāti hi vayam kila tatra tatjñāḥ
na hi yaḥ matsyaḥ mṛganadīsalile
saḥ eva tat capalavīcivivartanāni jānāti

50. Indeed, only an ignorant person (ajña) truly understands this state of a fool; we, however, are certainly not experts in that realm. For only the fish that exists in the water of a mirage-river truly comprehends its restless, swirling currents.

Words meanings summery:

• मूर्खय्स (mūrkhaysa) - of a fool (of a fool, belonging to a fool)

• यादृशम् (yādṛśam) - what this is like (of what kind, such as, as it is)

• इदम् (idam) - this (state) (this)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

• तत् (tat) - that (state of a fool) (that)

• अज्ञः (ajñaḥ) - an ignorant person (ajña) (ignorant, unknowing, a fool)

• एव (eva) - only, truly (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• जानाति (jānāti) - understands, knows (knows, understands, perceives)

• असौ (asau) - he (that ignorant one) (that one, he, she, it)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हि (hi) - indeed, however (indeed, for, because)

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• किल (kila) - certainly (indeed, certainly, surely (particle of affirmation/emphasis))

• तत्र (tatra) - in that realm/matter (there, in that place, in that case, in that matter)

• तत्ज्ञाः (tatjñāḥ) - experts in that (knowers of that, experts in that)

• मत्स्यः (matsyaḥ) - fish

• हि (hi) - for, indeed (indeed, for, because)

• यः (yaḥ) - which (fish) (who, which)

• मृगनदीसलिले (mṛganadīsalile) - in the water of a mirage-river

• सः (saḥ) - he (that fish) (he, that one)

• एव (eva) - only (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• जानाति (jānāti) - comprehends, knows (knows, understands, perceives)

• तत् (tat) - its (that, its)

• चपलवीचिविवर्तनानि (capalavīcivivartanāni) - restless, swirling currents (restless wave-motions, swirling currents of restless waves)

Words meanings and morphology

मूर्खय्स (mūrkhaysa) - of a fool (of a fool, belonging to a fool)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mūrkha

mūrkha - fool, ignorant person, stupid

यादृशम् (yādṛśam) - what this is like (of what kind, such as, as it is)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yādṛśa

yādṛśa - of what kind, such as, like which

Formed from yad (which) + dṛś (to see)

इदम् (idam) - this (state) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (state of a fool) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, this, he, she

अज्ञः (ajñaḥ) - an ignorant person (ajña) (ignorant, unknowing, a fool)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajña

ajña - ignorant, unknowing, foolish; an ignorant person, a fool

Compound of a- (not) + jña (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+jña)

• a – not, non-, un- (privative prefix)
  indeclinable
• jña – knowing, knower, intelligent
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used as a noun for 'ignorant person'.

एव (eva) - only, truly (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

जानाति (jānāti) - understands, knows (knows, understands, perceives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

असौ (asau) - he (that ignorant one) (that one, he, she, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that (remote), he, she, it

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, however (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

किल (kila) - certainly (indeed, certainly, surely (particle of affirmation/emphasis))

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - in that realm/matter (there, in that place, in that case, in that matter)

(indeclinable)

तत्ज्ञाः (tatjñāḥ) - experts in that (knowers of that, experts in that)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tatjña

tatjña - knower of that, expert in that

Compound of tad (that) + jña (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tat+jña)

• tat – that, it
  pronoun (neuter)
• jña – knowing, knower, intelligent
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used here as a noun, 'those who know that'.

मत्स्यः (matsyaḥ) - fish

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matsya

matsya - fish

हि (hi) - for, indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - which (fish) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that which, whoever

मृगनदीसलिले (mṛganadīsalile) - in the water of a mirage-river

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mṛganadīsalila

mṛganadīsalila - the water of a mirage-river

Compound of mṛga (deer, implying mirage) + nadī (river) + salila (water)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛga+nadī+salila)

• mṛga – deer, wild animal
  noun (masculine)
• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)
• salila – water
  noun (neuter)

सः (saḥ) - he (that fish) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, this, he, she

एव (eva) - only (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

जानाति (jānāti) - comprehends, knows (knows, understands, perceives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

तत् (tat) - its (that, its)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, this, he, she

Note: Refers to the mirage-river's characteristics.

चपलवीचिविवर्तनानि (capalavīcivivartanāni) - restless, swirling currents (restless wave-motions, swirling currents of restless waves)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of capalavīcivivartana

capalavīcivivartana - the turning/swirling of restless waves

Compound of capala (restless) + vīci (wave) + vivartana (swirling, turning)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (capala+vīci+vivartana)

• capala – restless, unsteady, fickle, trembling
  adjective (masculine)
• vīci – wave, billow, current
  noun (feminine)
• vivartana – turning, whirling, revolving, eddying, transformation
  noun (neuter)
  From vi-vṛt (to turn round, revolve)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛt (class 1)