योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-94, verse-56

अकारणं तु यत्कार्यं सदिवाग्रेऽनुभूयते ।
तद्द्रष्टुर्विभ्रमाद्विद्धि मृगतृष्णाजलोपमम् ॥ ५६ ॥

akāraṇaṃ tu yatkāryaṃ sadivāgre'nubhūyate ,
taddraṣṭurvibhramādviddhi mṛgatṛṣṇājalopamam 56

56. akāraṇam tu yat kāryam sat iva agre anubhūyate
tat draṣṭuḥ vibhramāt viddhi mṛgatṛṣṇājala-upamam

56. tu yat akāraṇam kāryam agre sat iva anubhūyate
tat draṣṭuḥ vibhramāt mṛgatṛṣṇājala-upamam viddhi

56. But that effect (kārya) which is without a cause (kāraṇa), and which appears to exist at first, know that it arises from the delusion of the observer; it is comparable to the water of a mirage.

Words meanings summery:

• अकारणम् (akāraṇam) - without a cause (without cause, causeless)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• यत् (yat) - that which (which, whatever)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - that effect (effect, work, duty)

• सत् (sat) - existing (adjective for kāryam, or as a noun 'an existing thing') (existing, real, good, being)

• इव (iva) - as if (as if, like, as it were)

• अग्रे (agre) - at first (in front, at first, formerly)

• अनुभूयते (anubhūyate) - appears, is perceived (is experienced, is perceived, is felt)

• तत् (tat) - that (phenomenon) (that, this)

• द्रष्टुः (draṣṭuḥ) - of the observer (of the seer, of the observer)

• विभ्रमात् (vibhramāt) - from the delusion (from delusion, due to error)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know (imperative, 2nd person singular) (know (imperative))

• मृगतृष्णाजल-उपमम् (mṛgatṛṣṇājala-upamam) - comparable to the water of a mirage (comparable to mirage water, like the water of a mirage)

Words meanings and morphology

अकारणम् (akāraṇam) - without a cause (without cause, causeless)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akāraṇa

akāraṇa - without cause, causeless, accidental

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of 'kāraṇa'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kāraṇa)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kāraṇa – cause, reason
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with kāryam.

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - that which (which, whatever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever

Note: Relative pronoun, agrees with kāryam.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - that effect (effect, work, duty)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, effect, work, duty

Gerundive

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do) + -ya suffix, meaning 'that which is to be done' or 'effect'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Can also be accusative singular. Here, subject.

सत् (sat) - existing (adjective for kāryam, or as a noun 'an existing thing') (existing, real, good, being)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sat

sat - existing, real, true, good, being, reality

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with kāryam.

इव (iva) - as if (as if, like, as it were)

(indeclinable)

अग्रे (agre) - at first (in front, at first, formerly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative singular used adverbially.

अनुभूयते (anubhūyate) - appears, is perceived (is experienced, is perceived, is felt)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of anubhū

Present Passive

Root 'bhū' (1st class) with prefix 'anu', in present tense, 3rd person singular passive voice.

Prefix: anu

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The subject is kāryam.

तत् (tat) - that (phenomenon) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Object of viddhi.

द्रष्टुः (draṣṭuḥ) - of the observer (of the seer, of the observer)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of draṣṭṛ

draṣṭṛ - seer, observer, witness

Agent noun from root 'dṛś' (to see) + -tṛ suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Governs vibhramāt.

विभ्रमात् (vibhramāt) - from the delusion (from delusion, due to error)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vibhrama

vibhrama - delusion, error, confusion, mistake, roaming

From 'vi-bhram' (to wander about, be confused).

Prefix: vi

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause.

विद्धि (viddhi) - know (imperative, 2nd person singular) (know (imperative))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of vid

Imperative Active

Root 'vid' (2nd class) in imperative mood, 2nd person singular active voice.

Root: vid (class 2)

मृगतृष्णाजल-उपमम् (mṛgatṛṣṇājala-upamam) - comparable to the water of a mirage (comparable to mirage water, like the water of a mirage)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mṛgatṛṣṇājala-upama

mṛgatṛṣṇājala-upama - comparable to mirage water

Compound formed from 'mṛgatṛṣṇājala' and 'upama'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛgatṛṣṇājala+upama)

• mṛgatṛṣṇājala – mirage water
  noun (neuter)
  Compound 'mṛgatṛṣṇā' (mirage) + 'jala' (water).
• upama – comparison, simile, resembling, like
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Agrees with tat (the object of viddhi).