योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-94, verse-42

कुम्भ उवाच ।
कारणाज्जायते कार्यं यत्तत्सर्वत्र संभवेत् ।
अन्यत्त्वसद्द्विचन्द्राभं दृष्टमेतन्न विद्यते ॥ ४२ ॥

kumbha uvāca ,
kāraṇājjāyate kāryaṃ yattatsarvatra saṃbhavet ,
anyattvasaddvicandrābhaṃ dṛṣṭametanna vidyate 42

42. kumbha uvāca kāraṇāt jāyate kāryam yat tat sarvatra
saṃbhavet anyat tu asat dvi-candrābham dṛṣṭam etat na vidyate

42. kumbha uvāca kāryam kāraṇāt jāyate yat tat sarvatra
saṃbhavet anyat tu dvi-candrābham asat dṛṣṭam etat na vidyate

42. Kumbha said: An effect is born from a cause, and whatever effect arises from a cause, that principle should be universally applicable. But anything seen that is otherwise—something unreal, like the illusion of a double moon—does not truly exist.

Words meanings summery:

• कुम्भ (kumbha) - Kumbha (a speaker in the text) (a pot, a pitcher; name of a person)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• कारणात् (kāraṇāt) - from a cause (from a cause, due to a reason)

• जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises (is born, arises, comes into being)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - an effect (an effect, a work, that which is to be done)

• यत् (yat) - whatever (which, what, that)

• तत् (tat) - that (relationship/principle) (that, it)

• सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - universally (everywhere, always, in every respect)

• संभवेत् (saṁbhavet) - should be possible / applicable (may be possible, may happen, should exist)

• अन्यत् (anyat) - anything else (that is not causally connected) (other, another, different)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• असत् (asat) - something unreal / non-existent (unreal, non-existent, false, bad)

• द्वि-चन्द्राभम् (dvi-candrābham) - like the illusion of a double moon (resembling a double moon)

• दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - seen (as an appearance) (seen, observed, perceived)

• एतत् (etat) - this (unreal thing) (this, this one)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• विद्यते (vidyate) - truly exist (exists, is found, is known)

Words meanings and morphology

कुम्भ (kumbha) - Kumbha (a speaker in the text) (a pot, a pitcher; name of a person)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kumbha

kumbha - a pot, a pitcher, a water-jar; a measure of grain; the frontal protuberance on the head of an elephant

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative

From root vac (class 2)

Root: vac (class 2)

कारणात् (kāraṇāt) - from a cause (from a cause, due to a reason)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

From root kṛ with suffix -ana

Root: kṛ (class 8)

जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises (is born, arises, comes into being)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

present middle indicative

From root jan (class 4)

Root: jan (class 4)

कार्यम् (kāryam) - an effect (an effect, a work, that which is to be done)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, to be made, an action, a duty, an effect, a result

gerundive (future passive participle)

From root kṛ with suffix -ya

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions as a noun here.

यत् (yat) - whatever (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

तत् (tat) - that (relationship/principle) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it (demonstrative pronoun)

सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - universally (everywhere, always, in every respect)

(indeclinable)

Derived from sarva (all) with the suffix -tra.

संभवेत् (saṁbhavet) - should be possible / applicable (may be possible, may happen, should exist)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of saṃ-bhū

optative active

From root bhū (class 1) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

अन्यत् (anyat) - anything else (that is not causally connected) (other, another, different)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different, distinct

Note: Refers to something other than the cause-effect relationship.

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

असत् (asat) - something unreal / non-existent (unreal, non-existent, false, bad)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, false, bad, evil

present active participle of as (to be), negated by a-

Negative prefix a- + present participle of root as

Compound type : avyayībhāva (negation) (a+sat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• sat – being, existing, real, good
  adjective
  present active participle
  From root as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Describes anyat.

द्वि-चन्द्राभम् (dvi-candrābham) - like the illusion of a double moon (resembling a double moon)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dvi-candrābha

dvi-candrābha - resembling a double moon (illusion)

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+candra+ābha)

• dvi – two, double
  numeral
• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)
• ābha – resembling, like, shining
  adjective
  From root ā-bhā (to shine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Modifies anyat.

दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - seen (as an appearance) (seen, observed, perceived)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived, apparent, visible

past passive participle

From root dṛś with suffix -ta

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies anyat.

एतत् (etat) - this (unreal thing) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one (demonstrative pronoun)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

विद्यते (vidyate) - truly exist (exists, is found, is known)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

present middle indicative

From root vid (class 4, 'to exist') or class 2 (to know)

Root: vid (class 4)

Note: Used impersonally or with a neuter subject (etat).