योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-45, verse-44

असत्सद्वा जगद्यस्य तेनासौ सुखदुःखयोः ।
अगम्य एव मूर्खस्तु तद्विनाशेन दुःखितः ॥ ४४ ॥

asatsadvā jagadyasya tenāsau sukhaduḥkhayoḥ ,
agamya eva mūrkhastu tadvināśena duḥkhitaḥ 44

44. asat sat vā jagat yasya tena asau sukha-duḥkhayoḥ
agamya eva mūrkhaḥ tu tad-vināśena duḥkhitaḥ

44. yasya jagat asat vā sat tena asau sukha-duḥkhayoḥ
agamya eva tu mūrkhaḥ tad-vināśena duḥkhitaḥ

44. For one to whom the world (jagat) is either unreal (asat) or real (sat), that person is indeed beyond happiness and sorrow. However, a fool is distressed by its destruction.

Words meanings summery:

• असत् (asat) - non-existent, unreal, false

• सत् (sat) - existent, real, true, good

• वा (vā) - or, either

• जगत् (jagat) - world, universe, moving, living beings

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom, for whom

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that, therefore

• असौ (asau) - that (remote demonstrative), he, she, it

• सुख-दुःखयोः (sukha-duḥkhayoḥ) - of happiness and sorrow

• अगम्य (agamya) - inaccessible, unreachable, unknowable, beyond

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly, exactly

• मूर्खः (mūrkhaḥ) - foolish, ignorant, a fool

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand, moreover

• तद्-विनाशेन (tad-vināśena) - by the destruction of the world (by its destruction, by the destruction of that)

• दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed, grieved, suffering, saddened

Words meanings and morphology

असत् (asat) - non-existent, unreal, false

(adjective)

Nominative, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, false

Derived from 'as' (to be) with 'a' (not). Present active participle of root 'as' (to be) used as an adjective.

Root: as (class 2)

सत् (sat) - existent, real, true, good

(adjective)

Nominative, singular of sat

sat - existent, real, true, good, being

Present Active Participle

From root 'as' (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

जगत् (jagat) - world, universe, moving, living beings

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe, moving, living beings

Present Active Participle

From root 'gam' (to go) + reduplication + suffix '-at'

Root: gam (class 1)

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom, for whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

तेन (tena) - by him, by that, therefore

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the person implied by 'yasya'.

असौ (asau) - that (remote demonstrative), he, she, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that (remote demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the person implied by 'yasya'.

सुख-दुःखयोः (sukha-duḥkhayoḥ) - of happiness and sorrow

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, dual of sukha-duḥkha

sukha-duḥkha - happiness and sorrow, pleasure and pain

dvandva compound: sukha (happiness) + duḥkha (sorrow)

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – happiness, pleasure, ease
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)

Note: Implies 'from' or 'beyond' in context with 'agamya'.

अगम्य (agamya) - inaccessible, unreachable, unknowable, beyond

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agamya

agamya - inaccessible, unreachable, unknowable, not to be approached

Gerundive

nañ-tatpurusha: a (not) + gamya (to be gone to), from root 'gam' (to go)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+gamya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• gamya – to be gone to, accessible, understandable
  adjective
  Gerundive
  From root 'gam' (to go) + suffix '-ya'
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'asau'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly, exactly

(indeclinable)

मूर्खः (mūrkhaḥ) - foolish, ignorant, a fool

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūrkha

mūrkha - foolish, ignorant, a fool, an idiot

From root 'murch' (to faint, be dull)

Root: murch (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand, moreover

(indeclinable)

तद्-विनाशेन (tad-vināśena) - by the destruction of the world (by its destruction, by the destruction of that)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad-vināśa

tad-vināśa - destruction of that, its destruction

tatpurusha compound: tad (that) + vināśa (destruction)

Compound type : tatpurusha (tad+vināśa)

• tad – that, it
  pronoun (neuter)
• vināśa – destruction, ruin, loss
  noun (masculine)
  From 'vi' (apart) + root 'naś' (to perish) + suffix '-a'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Refers to the destruction of the 'jagat'.

दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed, grieved, suffering, saddened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, grieved, suffering, saddened

Past Passive Participle

From root 'duḥkh' (to suffer)

Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'mūrkhaḥ'.