योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-45, verse-21

ब्रह्मैवेदं जगत्सर्वमन्यतायास्ततः कुतः ।
प्रसङ्गः कीदृशः कोऽसौ क्व वा सापरितिष्ठति ॥ २१ ॥

brahmaivedaṃ jagatsarvamanyatāyāstataḥ kutaḥ ,
prasaṅgaḥ kīdṛśaḥ ko'sau kva vā sāparitiṣṭhati 21

21. brahma eva idam jagat sarvam anyatāyāḥ tataḥ kutaḥ
prasaṅgaḥ kīdṛśaḥ kaḥ asau kva vā sā aparitiṣṭhati

21. idam sarvam jagat brahma eva.
tataḥ anyatāyāḥ kutaḥ prasaṅgaḥ? kaḥ asau kīdṛśaḥ? vā sā kva aparitiṣṭhati?

21. This entire world is Brahman (brahman) alone. From where, then, could the possibility of otherness arise? What kind of context is that? Who is that (other)? Or where does that (otherness) not remain?

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - The ultimate reality which is the subject of advaita philosophy (Brahman, the Absolute Reality, the ultimate truth)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes that the world is solely Brahman (only, alone, indeed, merely)

• इदम् (idam) - Refers to 'this entire world' (this, this one)

• जगत् (jagat) - The phenomenal world (world, universe, moving)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - The entirety of the world (all, whole, entire)

• अन्यतायाः (anyatāyāḥ) - The possibility of anything existing separate from Brahman (of otherness, of difference)

• ततः (tataḥ) - Indicates a logical consequence of the previous statement (then, therefore, from that)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - Questions the origin or possibility of otherness (from where? whence? why?)

• प्रसङ्गः (prasaṅgaḥ) - The possibility or occasion for difference (connection, occasion, opportunity, attachment, possibility)

• कीदृशः (kīdṛśaḥ) - Inquires about the nature of such a possibility (of what kind? what sort of?)

• कः (kaḥ) - Refers to an 'other' entity if one existed (who? what?)

• असौ (asau) - Refers to the hypothetical 'other' (that (person/thing))

• क्व (kva) - Questions the location of otherness (where? in what place?)

• वा (vā) - Connects rhetorical questions (or, either)

• सा (sā) - Refers back to anyatā (otherness) (she, that (feminine))

• अपरितिष्ठति (aparitiṣṭhati) - Questions the non-existence of otherness, implying it does not exist anywhere. (does not remain, is not established, does not exist)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्म (brahma) - The ultimate reality which is the subject of advaita philosophy (Brahman, the Absolute Reality, the ultimate truth)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - the Absolute, the Ultimate Reality, the Universal Spirit (brahman)

Root: bṛh (class 1)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes that the world is solely Brahman (only, alone, indeed, merely)

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - Refers to 'this entire world' (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

जगत् (jagat) - The phenomenal world (world, universe, moving)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe, what is moving, animate

From root gam 'to go'

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: From the root √gam, 'to go'. Literally 'that which is moving'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - The entirety of the world (all, whole, entire)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with jagat.

अन्यतायाः (anyatāyāḥ) - The possibility of anything existing separate from Brahman (of otherness, of difference)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of anyatā

anyatā - otherness, difference, distinctness

Derived from anya (other) + tā (suffix forming abstract noun)

ततः (tataḥ) - Indicates a logical consequence of the previous statement (then, therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun tad + suffix tas

कुतः (kutaḥ) - Questions the origin or possibility of otherness (from where? whence? why?)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun kim + suffix tas

प्रसङ्गः (prasaṅgaḥ) - The possibility or occasion for difference (connection, occasion, opportunity, attachment, possibility)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasaṅga

prasaṅga - connection, occasion, opportunity, attachment, context, possibility

From pra- + saṅga (from saṃ- + gam)

Prefixes: pra+sam

Root: gam (class 1)

कीदृशः (kīdṛśaḥ) - Inquires about the nature of such a possibility (of what kind? what sort of?)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kīdṛśa

kīdṛśa - of what kind? what sort of? how?

From kim + dṛś (see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with prasaṅgaḥ.

कः (kaḥ) - Refers to an 'other' entity if one existed (who? what?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who? what? which?

असौ (asau) - Refers to the hypothetical 'other' (that (person/thing))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that (yonder), he, she, it

क्व (kva) - Questions the location of otherness (where? in what place?)

(indeclinable)

From kim + suffix va

वा (vā) - Connects rhetorical questions (or, either)

(indeclinable)

सा (sā) - Refers back to anyatā (otherness) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to anyatā.

अपरितिष्ठति (aparitiṣṭhati) - Questions the non-existence of otherness, implying it does not exist anywhere. (does not remain, is not established, does not exist)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

present active

Formed from pari- + root sthā. The 'a' acts as a negative prefix in this context, negating the action of remaining or being established.

Prefix: pari

Root: sthā (class 1)