योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-45, verse-41

असद्वापि यदत्यन्तं वृद्धिः स्यात्तस्य कीदृशी ।
वृद्धेरभावे हर्षस्य कः प्रसङ्गो महामते ॥ ४१ ॥

asadvāpi yadatyantaṃ vṛddhiḥ syāttasya kīdṛśī ,
vṛddherabhāve harṣasya kaḥ prasaṅgo mahāmate 41

41. asat vā api yat atyantam vṛddhiḥ syāt tasya kīdṛśī
vṛddheḥ abhāve harṣasya kaḥ prasaṅgaḥ mahāmate

41. yat atyantam asat vā api tasya kīdṛśī vṛddhiḥ syāt
mahāmate vṛddheḥ abhāve harṣasya kaḥ prasaṅgaḥ

41. If something is truly non-existent, how could it possibly grow? O great-minded one, if there is no growth, what cause for joy could there be?

Words meanings summery:

• असत् (asat) - non-existent, unreal, false

• वा (vā) - or, either

• अपि (api) - even, also, if

• यत् (yat) - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

• अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - extremely, absolutely, exceedingly

• वृद्धिः (vṛddhiḥ) - growth, increase, prosperity

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be, would be

• तस्य (tasya) - of that, its, his

• कीदृशी (kīdṛśī) - of what kind, what sort, how

• वृद्धेः (vṛddheḥ) - of growth, of increase

• अभावे (abhāve) - in the absence, in the non-existence

• हर्षस्य (harṣasya) - of joy, of delight

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• प्रसङ्गः (prasaṅgaḥ) - occasion, connection, context, attachment

• महामते (mahāmate) - O great-minded one, O intelligent one

Words meanings and morphology

असत् (asat) - non-existent, unreal, false

(adjective)

Nominative, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, false

Derived from 'as' (to be) with 'a' (not). Present active participle of root 'as' (to be) used as an adjective.

Root: as (class 2)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, if

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - extremely, absolutely, exceedingly

(indeclinable)

tatpurusha compound: ati (beyond) + anta (end)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ati+anta)

• ati – beyond, excessive, over
  indeclinable
• anta – end, limit, boundary
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used as an adverb here, 'absolutely' or 'extremely'.

वृद्धिः (vṛddhiḥ) - growth, increase, prosperity

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vṛddhi

vṛddhi - growth, increase, prosperity, success

From root 'vṛdh' (to grow) + suffix 'ti'

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

तस्य (tasya) - of that, its, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to 'yat'.

कीदृशी (kīdṛśī) - of what kind, what sort, how

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kīdṛś

kīdṛś - of what kind, what sort

Note: Agreeing with 'vṛddhiḥ'.

वृद्धेः (vṛddheḥ) - of growth, of increase

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of vṛddhi

vṛddhi - growth, increase, prosperity, success

From root 'vṛdh' (to grow) + suffix 'ti'

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

अभावे (abhāve) - in the absence, in the non-existence

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of abhāva

abhāva - absence, non-existence, negation

nañ-tatpurusha compound: a (not) + bhāva (existence)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+bhāva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• bhāva – existence, state, being, feeling
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'bhū' (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

हर्षस्य (harṣasya) - of joy, of delight

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, pleasure, elation

From root 'hṛṣ' (to thrill, be glad)

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

प्रसङ्गः (prasaṅgaḥ) - occasion, connection, context, attachment

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasaṅga

prasaṅga - occasion, connection, attachment, context, relevance

From 'pra' (forth) + root 'sañj' (to cling, attach)

Prefix: pra

Root: sañj (class 1)

महामते (mahāmate) - O great-minded one, O intelligent one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāmat

mahāmat - great-minded, intelligent, wise

Bahuvrihi compound: mahā (great) + mati (mind)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+mati)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• mati – mind, thought, intellect, intention
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'man' (to think)
  Root: man (class 4)