योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-122, verse-20

अविनाशोऽपि कस्मात्त्वं विनश्यामीति शोचसि ।
अमृत्युवसतौ स्वच्छे विनाशः क इवात्मनि ॥ २० ॥

avināśo'pi kasmāttvaṃ vinaśyāmīti śocasi ,
amṛtyuvasatau svacche vināśaḥ ka ivātmani 20

20. avināśaḥ api kasmāt tvam vinaśyāmi iti śocasi
amṛtyu-vasatau svacche vināśaḥ kaḥ iva ātmani

20. tvam avināśaḥ api kasmāt "vinaśyāmi" iti śocasi?
svacche amṛtyu-vasatau ātmani kaḥ iva vināśaḥ?

20. Why do you grieve, thinking "I am perishing," when in fact you are imperishable? What kind of destruction could possibly befall the pure self (ātman), which is the abode of immortality?

Words meanings summery:

• अविनाशः (avināśaḥ) - imperishable, indestructible

• अपि (api) - even, also, though

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what, on what account

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular)

• विनश्यामि (vinaśyāmi) - I am perishing, I perish

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

• शोचसि (śocasi) - you grieve, you mourn

• अमृत्यु-वसतौ (amṛtyu-vasatau) - in the abode of immortality

• स्वच्छे (svacche) - in the pure, in the clear

• विनाशः (vināśaḥ) - destruction, annihilation

• कः (kaḥ) - what, who, which

• इव (iva) - like, as if, indeed (particle for emphasis or comparison)

• आत्मनि (ātmani) - in the self, in the soul

Words meanings and morphology

अविनाशः (avināśaḥ) - imperishable, indestructible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avināśa

avināśa - indestructible, imperishable, lasting

'a' (negation) + 'vināśa' (destruction)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vināśa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vināśa – destruction, annihilation, perishing
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'naś' with prefix 'vi'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'tvam' (implied 'asi').

अपि (api) - even, also, though

(indeclinable)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what, on what account

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here adverbially as 'why'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Subject.

विनश्यामि (vinaśyāmi) - I am perishing, I perish

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of naś

Present Active

First person singular, present indicative, active voice

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Part of the direct speech 'I am perishing'.

इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

शोचसि (śocasi) - you grieve, you mourn

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of śuc

Present Active

Second person singular, present indicative, active voice

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'tvam'.

अमृत्यु-वसतौ (amṛtyu-vasatau) - in the abode of immortality

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of amṛtyu-vasati

amṛtyu-vasati - dwelling of immortality, state of being deathless

Compound type : tatpurusha (amṛtyu+vasati)

• amṛtyu – immortality, deathless
  noun (masculine)
  a (negation) + mṛtyu (death)
• vasati – abode, dwelling, residence
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'vas' (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'ātmani'.

स्वच्छे (svacche) - in the pure, in the clear

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of svaccha

svaccha - pure, clear, clean, transparent

'su' (good) + 'accha' (clear)

Note: Qualifies 'ātmani'.

विनाशः (vināśaḥ) - destruction, annihilation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vināśa

vināśa - destruction, annihilation, perishing

Derived from root 'naś' with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

कः (kaḥ) - what, who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Note: Agrees with 'vināśaḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as if, indeed (particle for emphasis or comparison)

(indeclinable)

आत्मनि (ātmani) - in the self, in the soul

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, essence, spirit, individual soul

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Location for destruction.