योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-122, verse-47

असच्चेदात्मतत्त्वं तदस्मिंस्ते देहपञ्जरे ।
नष्टे किं नाम नष्टं स्याद्राम केनानुशोचसि ॥ ४७ ॥

asaccedātmatattvaṃ tadasmiṃste dehapañjare ,
naṣṭe kiṃ nāma naṣṭaṃ syādrāma kenānuśocasi 47

47. asat cet ātma-tattvaṃ tat asmin te deha-pañjare
naṣṭe kim nāma naṣṭaṃ syāt rāma kena anuśocasi

47. rāma,
cet ātma-tattvaṃ asat,
tat te asmin deha-pañjare naṣṭe,
kim nāma naṣṭaṃ syāt? kena anuśocasi?

47. If the reality of the self (ātman) were non-existent, then when this cage of your body is destroyed, what, indeed, would be lost? Rama, why do you grieve?

Words meanings summery:

• असत् (asat) - non-existent (unreal, non-existent, not being)

• चेत् (cet) - if

• आत्म-तत्त्वं (ātma-tattvaṁ) - the reality of the self (ātman) (the reality of the self, the true nature of the self)

• तत् (tat) - then (that, then, therefore)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• ते (te) - your

• देह-पञ्जरे (deha-pañjare) - in this cage of your body (in the cage of the body)

• नष्टे (naṣṭe) - when destroyed (when destroyed, being destroyed)

• किम् (kim) - what? (what? why?)

• नाम (nāma) - indeed (indeed, by name, as it were)

• नष्टं (naṣṭaṁ) - destroyed, lost

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be (would be, let it be, may it be)

• राम (rāma) - O Rama

• केन (kena) - by what (reason), why (by what, by whom, for what reason)

• अनुशोचसि (anuśocasi) - you grieve (you grieve, you lament)

Words meanings and morphology

असत् (asat) - non-existent (unreal, non-existent, not being)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, false, evil

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'ātma-tattvaṃ'.

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

आत्म-तत्त्वं (ātma-tattvaṁ) - the reality of the self (ātman) (the reality of the self, the true nature of the self)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ātma-tattva

ātma-tattva - the true nature of the self, the reality of the self

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+tattva)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
• tattva – truth, reality, principle, essence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the conditional clause.

तत् (tat) - then (that, then, therefore)

(indeclinable)

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to 'deha-pañjare'.

ते (te) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Possessive pronoun.

देह-पञ्जरे (deha-pañjare) - in this cage of your body (in the cage of the body)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of deha-pañjara

deha-pañjara - body-cage, cage of the body

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deha+pañjara)

• deha – body, form, person
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• pañjara – cage, skeleton, framework
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location where destruction occurs.

नष्टे (naṣṭe) - when destroyed (when destroyed, being destroyed)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of naṣṭa

naṣṭa - lost, destroyed, ruined, perished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'naś' (to perish, be lost) with suffix 'kta'.

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Locative absolute construction with 'deha-pañjare'.

किम् (kim) - what? (what? why?)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Subject of the question.

नाम (nāma) - indeed (indeed, by name, as it were)

(indeclinable)

नष्टं (naṣṭaṁ) - destroyed, lost

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of naṣṭa

naṣṭa - lost, destroyed, ruined, perished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'naś' (to perish, be lost) with suffix 'kta'.

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective to 'kim'.

स्यात् (syāt) - would be (would be, let it be, may it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular

From root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

राम (rāma) - O Rama

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a legendary prince and avatar)

केन (kena) - by what (reason), why (by what, by whom, for what reason)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Indicates the reason for grieving.

अनुशोचसि (anuśocasi) - you grieve (you grieve, you lament)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anu-śuc

Present Indicative, 2nd Person Singular

From root 'śuc' (to grieve), with prefix 'anu-'.

Prefix: anu

Root: śuc (class 1)