योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-122, verse-47

असच्चेदात्मतत्त्वं तदस्मिंस्ते देहपञ्जरे ।
नष्टे किं नाम नष्टं स्याद्राम केनानुशोचसि ॥ ४७ ॥

asaccedātmatattvaṃ tadasmiṃste dehapañjare ,
naṣṭe kiṃ nāma naṣṭaṃ syādrāma kenānuśocasi 47

47. asat cet ātma-tattvaṃ tat asmin te deha-pañjare
naṣṭe kim nāma naṣṭaṃ syāt rāma kena anuśocasi

47. rāma,
cet ātma-tattvaṃ asat,
tat te asmin deha-pañjare naṣṭe,
kim nāma naṣṭaṃ syāt? kena anuśocasi?

47. If the reality of the self (ātman) were non-existent, then when this cage of your body is destroyed, what, indeed, would be lost? Rama, why do you grieve?

47. אם אמת העצמי אינה קיימת, מה בכלל אובד כשאובד הכלוב של גופך? הו רָאמָה, על מה אתה מתאבל?

Words meanings summery:

• असत् (asat) - non-existent (unreal, non-existent, not being)

• चेत् (cet) - if

• आत्म-तत्त्वं (ātma-tattvaṁ) - the reality of the self (ātman) (the reality of the self, the true nature of the self)

• तत् (tat) - then (that, then, therefore)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• ते (te) - your

• देह-पञ्जरे (deha-pañjare) - in this cage of your body (in the cage of the body)

• नष्टे (naṣṭe) - when destroyed (when destroyed, being destroyed)

• किम् (kim) - what? (what? why?)

• नाम (nāma) - indeed (indeed, by name, as it were)

• नष्टं (naṣṭaṁ) - destroyed, lost

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be (would be, let it be, may it be)

• राम (rāma) - O Rama

• केन (kena) - by what (reason), why (by what, by whom, for what reason)

• अनुशोचसि (anuśocasi) - you grieve (you grieve, you lament)

Words meanings and morphology

असत् (asat) - non-existent (unreal, non-existent, not being)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, false, evil

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'ātma-tattvaṃ'.

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

आत्म-तत्त्वं (ātma-tattvaṁ) - the reality of the self (ātman) (the reality of the self, the true nature of the self)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ātma-tattva

ātma-tattva - the true nature of the self, the reality of the self

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+tattva)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
• tattva – truth, reality, principle, essence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the conditional clause.

तत् (tat) - then (that, then, therefore)

(indeclinable)

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to 'deha-pañjare'.

ते (te) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Possessive pronoun.

देह-पञ्जरे (deha-pañjare) - in this cage of your body (in the cage of the body)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of deha-pañjara

deha-pañjara - body-cage, cage of the body

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deha+pañjara)

• deha – body, form, person
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• pañjara – cage, skeleton, framework
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location where destruction occurs.

नष्टे (naṣṭe) - when destroyed (when destroyed, being destroyed)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of naṣṭa

naṣṭa - lost, destroyed, ruined, perished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'naś' (to perish, be lost) with suffix 'kta'.

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Locative absolute construction with 'deha-pañjare'.

किम् (kim) - what? (what? why?)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Subject of the question.

नाम (nāma) - indeed (indeed, by name, as it were)

(indeclinable)

नष्टं (naṣṭaṁ) - destroyed, lost

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of naṣṭa

naṣṭa - lost, destroyed, ruined, perished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'naś' (to perish, be lost) with suffix 'kta'.

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective to 'kim'.

स्यात् (syāt) - would be (would be, let it be, may it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular

From root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

राम (rāma) - O Rama

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a legendary prince and avatar)

केन (kena) - by what (reason), why (by what, by whom, for what reason)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Indicates the reason for grieving.

अनुशोचसि (anuśocasi) - you grieve (you grieve, you lament)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anu-śuc

Present Indicative, 2nd Person Singular

From root 'śuc' (to grieve), with prefix 'anu-'.

Prefix: anu

Root: śuc (class 1)

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