वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-51, verse-8

यथागमं च यो राजा समयं विचिकीर्षति ।
बुध्यते सचिवान्बुद्ध्या सुहृदश्चानुपश्यति ॥८॥

8. yathāgamaṃ ca yo rājā samayaṃ vicikīrṣati ,
budhyate sacivānbuddhyā suhṛdaścānupaśyati.

8. yathāgamam ca yaḥ rājā samayam vicikīrṣati
budhyate sacivān buddhyā suhṛdaḥ ca anupaśyati

8. And the king who wishes to act in accordance with the sacred tradition (āgama) and observe the agreed terms, understands his ministers through his intellect and also discerns his friends.

Words meanings summery:

• यथागमम् (yathāgamam) - according to sacred tradition or scripture (according to tradition, in conformity with scriptures)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to the king) (who, which)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• समयम् (samayam) - the agreed conditions or terms (agreement, condition, time, appointment)

• विचिकीर्षति (vicikīrṣati) - he wishes to observe/act upon (he wishes to do, he desires to perform)

• बुध्यते (budhyate) - he understands (he understands, he knows, he perceives)

• सचिवान् (sacivān) - his ministers (ministers, companions)

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - through his intellect (by intellect, by understanding, by reason)

• सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - his friends (friends, well-wishers)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अनुपश्यति (anupaśyati) - he observes/discerns (he observes, he perceives, he examines)

Words meanings and morphology

यथागमम् (yathāgamam) - according to sacred tradition or scripture (according to tradition, in conformity with scriptures)

(indeclinable)

compound formed with yathā (as) and āgama (tradition/scripture)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+āgama)

• yathā – as, in which manner
  indeclinable
• āgama – tradition, scripture, sacred text
  noun (masculine)
  from ā-√gam (to go, come)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: adverbial use, accusative singular neuter ending by convention for avyayībhāva compounds

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to the king) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

relative pronoun

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun

Root: rāj

समयम् (samayam) - the agreed conditions or terms (agreement, condition, time, appointment)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samaya

samaya - agreement, convention, conditions, time, religious observance

from sam-√i (to go together, meet)

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

विचिकीर्षति (vicikīrṣati) - he wishes to observe/act upon (he wishes to do, he desires to perform)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vicikīrṣa

desiderative of √kṛ (to do, make) with vi

desiderative stem of √kṛ (class 8, 3rd person singular, present active) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

बुध्यते (budhyate) - he understands (he understands, he knows, he perceives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of budh

root budh (class 4)

Root: budh (class 4)

सचिवान् (sacivān) - his ministers (ministers, companions)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saciva

saciva - minister, companion, associate

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - through his intellect (by intellect, by understanding, by reason)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, reason, perception

from √budh (to know)

Root: budh (class 4)

सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - his friends (friends, well-wishers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, well-wisher, good-hearted

compound su (good) + hṛd (heart)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• hṛd – heart, mind
  noun (neuter)

Note: Given sacivān (accusative plural) and anupaśyati (transitive verb), accusative plural is most likely

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अनुपश्यति (anupaśyati) - he observes/discerns (he observes, he perceives, he examines)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anupaś

from prefix anu + root dṛś (to see)

Prefix: anu

Root: dṛś (class 1)