वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-51, verse-27

तमथैवं ब्रुवाणं तु वचनं धीरदारुणम् ।
रुष्टो ऽयमिति विज्ञाय शनैः श्लक्ष्णमुवाच ह ॥२७॥

27. tamathaivaṃ bruvāṇaṃ tu vacanaṃ dhīradāruṇam ,
ruṣṭo'yamiti vijñāya śanaiḥ ślakṣṇamuvāca ha.

27. tam atha evam bruvāṇam tu vacanam dhīradāruṇam
ruṣṭaḥ ayam iti vijñāya śanaiḥ ślakṣṇam uvāca ha

27. atha tu tam evam dhīradāruṇam vacanam bruvāṇam,
ayam ruṣṭaḥ iti vijñāya,
śanaiḥ ślakṣṇam ha uvāca

27. Then, knowing 'he is angry,' (the other person) slowly and gently spoke to him, who was uttering such words, which were firm yet harsh.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• ब्रुवाणम् (bruvāṇam) - speaking, uttering

• तु (tu) - an emphatic particle (indeed, but, on the other hand)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• धीरदारुणम् (dhīradāruṇam) - firm and harsh, severe but steady

• रुष्टः (ruṣṭaḥ) - angry, offended

• अयम् (ayam) - this (one), he

• इति (iti) - quotation marker (thus, so)

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having known, having understood, having perceived

• शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gently, gradually

• श्लक्ष्णम् (ślakṣṇam) - gently, smoothly, softly, politely

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

• ह (ha) - an expletive, adds emphasis (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of implied verb 'uvāca'.

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'bruvāṇam' and 'vacanam'.

ब्रुवाणम् (bruvāṇam) - speaking, uttering

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bruvāṇa

bruvāṇa - speaking, saying, uttering, telling

Present Middle Participle

Root brū (to speak) with present participle suffix -āṇa (Ātmanepada).

Root: brū (class 2)

तु (tu) - an emphatic particle (indeed, but, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic particle.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, statement, saying

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'bruvāṇam'.

धीरदारुणम् (dhīradāruṇam) - firm and harsh, severe but steady

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhīradāruṇa

dhīradāruṇa - firm and harsh, steady and severe, grave and dreadful

Compound of dhīra (firm, steady, grave) and dāruṇa (harsh, severe, dreadful).

Compound type : dvandva / karmadhāraya (dhīra+dāruṇa)

• dhīra – firm, steady, grave, resolute, wise, patient
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• dāruṇa – harsh, severe, dreadful, terrible, cruel
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)

Note: Modifies 'vacanam'.

रुष्टः (ruṣṭaḥ) - angry, offended

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ruṣṭa

ruṣṭa - angry, enraged, offended, displeased

Past Passive Participle

Root ruṣ (to be angry) with suffix -ta.

Root: ruṣ (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'ayam' in the direct speech.

अयम् (ayam) - this (one), he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the reported speech.

इति (iti) - quotation marker (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of direct speech.

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having known, having understood, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root jñā (to know) with prefix vi- and suffix -ya (after a prefix).

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Precedes the main verb 'uvāca'.

शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gently, gradually

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'uvāca'.

श्लक्ष्णम् (ślakṣṇam) - gently, smoothly, softly, politely

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ślakṣṇa

ślakṣṇa - smooth, soft, gentle, polite, eloquent

Note: Functions as an adverb, modifying 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect, 3rd person singular

Root vac (to speak), Perfect tense (Lit), Parasmaipada.

Root: vac (class 2)

ह (ha) - an expletive, adds emphasis (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: An expletive, adds emphasis.