वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-51, verse-37

अद्य पर्वतसंकाशं ससूर्यमिव तोयदम् ।
विकीर्णं पश्य समरे सुग्रीवं प्लवगेश्वरम् ॥३७॥

37. adya parvatasaṃkāśaṃ sasūryamiva toyadam ,
vikīrṇaṃ paśya samare sugrīvaṃ plavageśvaram.

37. adya parvatasaṃkāśam sasūryam iva toyadam
vikīrṇam paśya samare sugrīvam plavageśvaram

37. adya samare parvatasaṃkāśam sasūryam iva
toyadam vikīrṇam sugrīvam plavageśvaram paśya

37. Today, behold Sugrīva, the lord of monkeys, appearing vast in battle, like a mountain and like a cloud containing the sun.

Words meanings summery:

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• पर्वतसंकाशम् (parvatasaṁkāśam) - resembling a mountain, mountain-like

• ससूर्यम् (sasūryam) - with the sun, containing the sun

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• तोयदम् (toyadam) - cloud (lit. 'water-giver')

• विकीर्णम् (vikīrṇam) - vast, expansive (scattered, dispersed, spread out, vast, extensive)

• पश्य (paśya) - behold, see, look

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• सुग्रीवम् (sugrīvam) - Sugrīva

• प्लवगेश्वरम् (plavageśvaram) - lord of monkeys

Words meanings and morphology

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

पर्वतसंकाशम् (parvatasaṁkāśam) - resembling a mountain, mountain-like

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parvatasaṃkāśa

parvatasaṁkāśa - resembling a mountain, mountain-like

Compound type : tatpurusha (parvata+saṃkāśa)

• parvata – mountain, rock
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkāśa – resembling, like, similar to, appearing as
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root √kāś (to shine, appear) with prefix sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Refers to Sugrīva

ससूर्यम् (sasūryam) - with the sun, containing the sun

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sasūrya

sasūrya - with the sun, accompanied by the sun

Bahuvrihi compound: sa (with) + sūrya (sun)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+sūrya)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• sūrya – sun
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the cloud (toyadam), which in turn is a simile for Sugrīva

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to form a simile

तोयदम् (toyadam) - cloud (lit. 'water-giver')

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of toyada

toyada - cloud, giver of water

Compound of toya (water) + da (giver)

Compound type : tatpurusha (toya+da)

• toya – water
  noun (neuter)
• da – giver, bestower
  suffix (masculine)
  Derived from root √dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Refers to a cloud, used as a simile for Sugrīva

विकीर्णम् (vikīrṇam) - vast, expansive (scattered, dispersed, spread out, vast, extensive)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vikīrṇa

vikīrṇa - scattered, dispersed, spread out, vast, extensive, thrown about

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √kṝ (to scatter, spread) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: kṝ (class 6)

Note: Describes Sugrīva's powerful and expansive presence in battle.

पश्य (paśya) - behold, see, look

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Root dṛś, but paśya is the present stem form (4th class).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Imperative form of √dṛś (to see), present stem paśya.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

सुग्रीवम् (sugrīvam) - Sugrīva

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugrīva (name of the monkey king)

प्लवगेश्वरम् (plavageśvaram) - lord of monkeys

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of plavageśvara

plavageśvara - lord of monkeys

Compound type : tatpurusha (plavaga+īśvara)

• plavaga – monkey (lit. 'one who jumps')
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √plu (to float, swim, jump)
  Root: plu (class 1)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √īś (to rule, be master)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Used as an epithet for Sugrīva.