वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-51, verse-26

स सुहृद्यो विपन्नार्थं दीनमभ्यवपद्यते ।
स बन्धुर्यो ऽपनीतेषु साहाय्यायोपकल्पते ॥२६॥

26. sa suhṛdyo vipannārthaṃ dīnamabhyavapadyate ,
sa bandhuryo'panīteṣu sāhāyyāyopakalpate.

26. saḥ suhṛt yaḥ vipannārtham dīnam abhyavapadyate
saḥ bandhuḥ yaḥ apanīteṣu sāhāyyāya upakalpate

26. yaḥ vipannārtham dīnam abhyavapadyate,
saḥ suhṛt.
yaḥ apanīteṣu sāhāyyāya upakalpate,
saḥ bandhuḥ

26. He is a true friend who comes to the aid of a miserable person whose purpose has been frustrated. He is a real kinsman who appears to help those who have been wronged.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• सुहृत् (suhṛt) - good-hearted, friend, ally

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• विपन्नार्थम् (vipannārtham) - whose purpose has failed, unfortunate, ruined

• दीनम् (dīnam) - a distressed person (miserable, distressed, poor, weak)

• अभ्यवपद्यते (abhyavapadyate) - he goes to the aid of (he approaches, he reaches, he falls upon, he helps)

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• बन्धुः (bandhuḥ) - kinsman, relative, friend

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• अपनीतेषु (apanīteṣu) - among those who are led astray, among the wronged

• साहाय्याय (sāhāyyāya) - for help, for assistance

• उपकल्पते (upakalpate) - he appears to help (he approaches, he is ready for, he comes to help)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative to 'yaḥ'.

सुहृत् (suhṛt) - good-hearted, friend, ally

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suhṛd

suhṛd - good-hearted, friend, ally

Compound of su (good) and hṛd (heart).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• hṛd – heart, mind, soul
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used as a substantive.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, refers to 'saḥ'.

विपन्नार्थम् (vipannārtham) - whose purpose has failed, unfortunate, ruined

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipannārtha

vipannārtha - one whose object/purpose has failed, unfortunate, ruined

Compound of vipanna (failed) and artha (purpose).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vipanna+artha)

• vipanna – failed, fallen, distressed, ruined, unlucky
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root pad (to go, to fall) with prefix vi-, suffix -ta.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: pad (class 4)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object, aim
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'dīnam'.

दीनम् (dīnam) - a distressed person (miserable, distressed, poor, weak)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - miserable, distressed, poor, weak, sad, depressed

Past Passive Participle

From root dī (to fade, pine away).

Root: dī (class 1)

Note: Functions as a substantive here, object of 'abhyavapadyate'.

अभ्यवपद्यते (abhyavapadyate) - he goes to the aid of (he approaches, he reaches, he falls upon, he helps)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of abhyavapad

Present Indicative, 3rd person singular

Root pad (to go, to fall) with prefixes abhi- and ava-.

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: pad (class 4)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative to 'yaḥ'.

बन्धुः (bandhuḥ) - kinsman, relative, friend

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bandhu

bandhu - kinsman, relative, friend, connection

From root bandh (to bind).

Root: bandh (class 9)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, refers to 'saḥ'.

अपनीतेषु (apanīteṣu) - among those who are led astray, among the wronged

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of apanīta

apanīta - led away, led astray, wronged, mismanaged, ill-treated

Past Passive Participle

Root nī (to lead) with prefix apa-, suffix -ta.

Prefix: apa

Root: nī (class 1)

साहाय्याय (sāhāyyāya) - for help, for assistance

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of sāhāyya

sāhāyya - help, assistance, aid

Derived from sahāya (helper) with suffix -ya (forming abstract noun).

Note: Purpose dative.

उपकल्पते (upakalpate) - he appears to help (he approaches, he is ready for, he comes to help)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of upakḷp

Present Indicative, 3rd person singular

Root kḷp (to be able, to be suitable) with prefix upa-.

Prefix: upa

Root: kḷp (class 1)