वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-51, verse-1

तस्य राक्षसराजस्य निशम्य परिदेवितम् ।
कुम्भकर्णो बभाषे ऽथ वचनं प्रजहास च ॥१॥

1. tasya rākṣasarājasya niśamya paridevitam ,
kumbhakarṇo babhāṣe'tha vacanaṃ prajahāsa ca.

1. tasya rākṣasarājasya niśamya paridevitam
kumbhakarṇaḥ babhāṣe atha vacanam prajahāsa ca

1. Having heard the lamentation of that king of rākṣasas, Kumbhakarna then spoke, and also laughed aloud.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, of that

• राक्षसराजस्य (rākṣasarājasya) - of the king of rākṣasas (demons)

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived

• परिदेवितम् (paridevitam) - lamentation, wailing, mournful cry

• कुम्भकर्णः (kumbhakarṇaḥ) - Kumbhakarna (name of a rākṣasa)

• बभाषे (babhāṣe) - spoke, said

• अथ (atha) - then, next, now

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words, speech, statement

• प्रजहास (prajahāsa) - laughed aloud, burst into laughter

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular.

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa, the king of rākṣasas.

राक्षसराजस्य (rākṣasarājasya) - of the king of rākṣasas (demons)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rākṣasarāja

rākṣasarāja - king of rākṣasas (demons)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+rāja)

• rākṣasa – demon, evil spirit, a type of mythical being
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Possessive, referring to the king (Rāvaṇa).

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Root śam (I P) with prefix ni, and suffix ya for gerund.

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb.

परिदेवितम् (paridevitam) - lamentation, wailing, mournful cry

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paridevita

paridevita - lamentation, wailing

Past Passive Participle

Root div (to lament) with prefix pari, + kta suffix.

Prefix: pari

Root: div (class 1)

Note: Object of niśamya.

कुम्भकर्णः (kumbhakarṇaḥ) - Kumbhakarna (name of a rākṣasa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarna (proper name, lit. 'pot-eared')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – pot, jar
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of babhāṣe and prajahāsa.

बभाषे (babhāṣe) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of bhāṣ

Perfect, 3rd person singular

Root bhāṣ (I Ā). Reduplicated perfect form.

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Intransitive, or takes vacanam as cognate accusative.

अथ (atha) - then, next, now

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating sequence or commencement.

वचनम् (vacanam) - words, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, statement, utterance

From root vac (to speak) + ana suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of babhāṣe.

प्रजहास (prajahāsa) - laughed aloud, burst into laughter

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prahas

Perfect, 3rd person singular

Root has (I P) with prefix pra. Reduplicated perfect form.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Co-verb with babhāṣe connected by ca.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Placed after the word it connects.