वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-51, verse-18

तान्भर्ता मित्रसंकाशानमित्रान्मन्त्रनिर्णये ।
व्यवहारेण जानीयात् सचिवानुपसंहितान् ॥१८॥

18. tānbhartā mitrasaṃkāśānamitrānmantranirṇaye ,
vyavahāreṇa jānīyāt sacivānupasaṃhitān.

18. tān bhartā mitrasaṃkāśān amitrān mantranirṇaye
vyavahāreṇa jānīyāt sacivān upasaṃhitān

18. bhartā mantranirṇaye vyavahāreṇa mitrasaṃkāśān
amitrān upasaṃhitān tān sacivān jānīyāt

18. The king should discern those ministers who, though appearing as friends, are actually enemies allied (with enemies), recognizing them by their behavior during deliberations.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those, them

• भर्ता (bhartā) - the king (master, lord, king)

• मित्रसंकाशान् (mitrasaṁkāśān) - appearing like friends, resembling friends, in the guise of friends

• अमित्रान् (amitrān) - enemies, foes

• मन्त्रनिर्णये (mantranirṇaye) - during deliberations (in decision-making concerning counsel, in the determination of advice, in deliberations)

• व्यवहारेण (vyavahāreṇa) - by conduct, by behavior, by their dealings, by transaction

• जानीयात् (jānīyāt) - he should know, he should recognize, he should discern

• सचिवान् (sacivān) - ministers, companions, counselors

• उपसंहितान् (upasaṁhitān) - allied (with enemies) (associated with, connected, allied, collected)

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those, them

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the 'sacivān' (ministers).

भर्ता (bhartā) - the king (master, lord, king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - master, lord, husband, supporter, maintainer

Agent noun

From √bhṛ (to bear, support) + tṛ

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Subject of 'jānīyāt'.

मित्रसंकाशान् (mitrasaṁkāśān) - appearing like friends, resembling friends, in the guise of friends

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mitrasaṃkāśa

mitrasaṁkāśa - appearing like friends, resembling friends

Compound of mitra (friend) and saṃkāśa (appearance, semblance)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mitra+saṃkāśa)

• mitra – friend, companion, ally
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkāśa – appearance, semblance, resembling, equal to
  noun (masculine)
  From √kāś (to shine, appear) with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sacivān'.

अमित्रान् (amitrān) - enemies, foes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of amitra

amitra - enemy, foe, not a friend

Compound of a (negation) and mitra (friend)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mitra)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix
• mitra – friend, companion, ally
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as a predicate noun for 'sacivān' or qualifies them.

मन्त्रनिर्णये (mantranirṇaye) - during deliberations (in decision-making concerning counsel, in the determination of advice, in deliberations)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mantranirṇaya

mantranirṇaya - decision on counsel, determination of advice, deliberation

Compound of mantra (counsel) and nirṇaya (decision)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mantra+nirṇaya)

• mantra – counsel, advice, plan
  noun (masculine)
  From √man (to think) + tra
  Root: man (class 4)
• nirṇaya – decision, determination, ascertainment, judgment
  noun (masculine)
  From √nī (to lead) with prefix nir + aya
  Prefix: nir
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Indicates the sphere or time of action.

व्यवहारेण (vyavahāreṇa) - by conduct, by behavior, by their dealings, by transaction

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vyavahāra

vyavahāra - conduct, behavior, transaction, dealings, custom, usage, lawsuit

From √hṛ (to take) with prefixes vi and ava

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means of knowing.

जानीयात् (jānīyāt) - he should know, he should recognize, he should discern

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

सचिवान् (sacivān) - ministers, companions, counselors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saciva

saciva - companion, associate, minister, counselor

From sa (with) + civa (from ci, to collect, or ci, to think)

Note: Object of 'jānīyāt'.

उपसंहितान् (upasaṁhitān) - allied (with enemies) (associated with, connected, allied, collected)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of upasaṃhita

upasaṁhita - associated, collected, joined, allied, combined

Past Passive Participle

From √dhā (to place) with prefixes upa and sam + kta

Prefixes: upa+sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'sacivān'.