वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-51, verse-5

यः पश्चात् पूर्वकार्याणि कुर्यादैश्वर्यमास्थितः ।
पूर्वं चोत्तरकार्याणि न स वेद नयानयौ ॥५॥

5. yaḥ paścāt pūrvakāryāṇi kuryādaiśvaryamāsthitaḥ ,
pūrvaṃ cottarakāryāṇi na sa veda nayānayau.

5. yaḥ paścāt pūrvakāryāṇi kuryāt aiśvaryam āsthitaḥ
pūrvam ca uttarakāryāṇi na saḥ veda naya anayau

5. yaḥ aiśvaryam āsthitaḥ pūrvakāryāṇi paścāt kuryāt
ca uttarakāryāṇi pūrvam na saḥ naya anayau veda

5. One who, relying on his authority, performs earlier tasks later and later tasks earlier, that person does not understand what constitutes proper and improper conduct.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, subsequently, later

• पूर्वकार्याणि (pūrvakāryāṇi) - prior actions, former tasks, initial duties

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do, would do, may do

• ऐश्वर्यम् (aiśvaryam) - authority (sovereignty, dominion, power, prosperity)

• आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - situated in, relying on, having recourse to, possessed of

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before, earlier, initially

• च (ca) - and, also

• उत्तरकार्याणि (uttarakāryāṇi) - subsequent actions, later tasks

• न (na) - not

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• वेद (veda) - knows, understands

• नय (naya) - policy, proper conduct, guidance, prudence

• अनयौ (anayau) - impolicy, improper conduct, imprudence

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun stem

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, subsequently, later

(indeclinable)

Formed from paśca (behind) + suffix -tāt

पूर्वकार्याणि (pūrvakāryāṇi) - prior actions, former tasks, initial duties

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of pūrvakārya

pūrvakārya - prior work, earlier task

Compound of pūrva (former, earlier) and kārya (task, action)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pūrva+kārya)

• pūrva – former, earlier, first
  adjective (masculine)
• kārya – task, duty, action, what is to be done
  noun (neuter)
  gerundive
  From root kṛ (to do) + suffix -ya
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'kuryāt'.

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should do, would do, may do

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ

optative

3rd person singular active optative from root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

ऐश्वर्यम् (aiśvaryam) - authority (sovereignty, dominion, power, prosperity)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aiśvarya

aiśvarya - sovereignty, supremacy, dominion, power, wealth, prosperity

From īśvara (lord, master) + ya (suffix)

Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Object of āsthitaḥ, implying 'relying on' or 'possessing'.

आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - situated in, relying on, having recourse to, possessed of

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsthita

āsthita - situated in, standing on, relying on, abiding in

past passive participle

Ā- (prefix) + sthita (stood). From root sthā (to stand) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before, earlier, initially

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrva

pūrva - former, earlier, first

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two parts of the 'who' clause.

उत्तरकार्याणि (uttarakāryāṇi) - subsequent actions, later tasks

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of uttarakārya

uttarakārya - later work, subsequent task

Compound of uttara (later, subsequent) and kārya (task, action)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (uttara+kārya)

• uttara – later, subsequent, upper, north
  adjective (masculine)
• kārya – task, duty, action, what is to be done
  noun (neuter)
  gerundive
  From root kṛ (to do) + suffix -ya
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of implied 'kuryāt'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Negates 'veda'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun stem

Note: Subject of the main clause.

वेद (veda) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (liṭ) of vid

perfect

3rd person singular active perfect from root vid (conjugates as a perfect tense with present meaning)

Root: vid (class 2)

नय (naya) - policy, proper conduct, guidance, prudence

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of naya

naya - policy, conduct, prudence, leadership

From root nī (to lead) + a (suffix)

Root: nī (class 1)

अनयौ (anayau) - impolicy, improper conduct, imprudence

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of anaya

anaya - impolicy, imprudence, ill-conduct

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: A- (negation) + naya (policy)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+naya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• naya – policy, conduct, prudence, leadership
  noun (masculine)
  From root nī (to lead) + a (suffix)
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Forms a dvandva compound 'naya-anayau' (policy and impolicy), dual form.