वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-46, verse-37

ताव् उभौ वाहिनीमुख्यौ जातरोषौ तरस्विनौ ।
स्थितौ क्षतजदिग्धाङ्गौ प्रभिन्नाविव कुञ्जरौ ॥३७॥

37. tāv ubhau vāhinīmukhyau jātaroṣau tarasvinau ,
sthitau kṣatajadigdhāṅgau prabhinnāviva kuñjarau.

37. tau ubhau vāhinīmukhyau jātaroṣau tarasvinau
sthitau kṣatajadigdhāṅgau prabhinnau iva kuñjarau

37. Those two chief commanders, filled with rage and mighty, stood there with their bodies smeared with blood, like two elephants in rut.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• वाहिनीमुख्यौ (vāhinīmukhyau) - chiefs of the army, commanders

• जातरोषौ (jātaroṣau) - enraged, filled with anger

• तरस्विनौ (tarasvinau) - mighty, powerful, swift

• स्थितौ (sthitau) - stood, standing, placed

• क्षतजदिग्धाङ्गौ (kṣatajadigdhāṅgau) - having limbs smeared with blood

• प्रभिन्नौ (prabhinnau) - rutting, in musth (referring to elephants)

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

• कुञ्जरौ (kuñjarau) - elephants

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

वाहिनीमुख्यौ (vāhinīmukhyau) - chiefs of the army, commanders

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vāhinīmukhya

vāhinīmukhya - chief of an army, commander

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāhinī+mukhya)

• vāhinī – army, host
  noun (feminine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)

जातरोषौ (jātaroṣau) - enraged, filled with anger

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of jātaroṣa

jātaroṣa - one whose anger has arisen, enraged

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jāta+roṣa)

• jāta – born, arisen, produced
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• roṣa – anger, rage, wrath
  noun (masculine)

तरस्विनौ (tarasvinau) - mighty, powerful, swift

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tarasvin

tarasvin - powerful, strong, swift, vigorous

Derived from 'taras' (might, strength)

स्थितौ (sthitau) - stood, standing, placed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated, placed

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used here adjectivally to describe the two commanders.

क्षतजदिग्धाङ्गौ (kṣatajadigdhāṅgau) - having limbs smeared with blood

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kṣatajadigdhāṅga

kṣatajadigdhāṅga - having limbs smeared with blood

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣataja+digdha+aṅga)

• kṣataja – blood (literally 'born from a wound')
  noun (neuter)
• digdha – smeared, anointed, covered
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dih (to smear)
  Root: dih (class 4)
• aṅga – limb, body part, body
  noun (neuter)

प्रभिन्नौ (prabhinnau) - rutting, in musth (referring to elephants)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of prabhinna

prabhinna - split, broken, opened; (of an elephant) in rut

Past Passive Participle

From root bhid with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: bhid (class 7)

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

कुञ्जरौ (kuñjarau) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant