वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-46, verse-29

राक्षसाः कपिमुख्याश्च तेरुस्तां दुस्तरां नदीम् ।
यथा पद्मरजोध्वस्तां नलिनीं गजयूथपाः ॥२९॥

29. rākṣasāḥ kapimukhyāśca terustāṃ dustarāṃ nadīm ,
yathā padmarajodhvastāṃ nalinīṃ gajayūthapāḥ.

29. rākṣasāḥ kapimukhyāḥ ca teruḥ tām dustarām nadīm
yathā padmarajodhvustām nalinīm gajayūthapāḥ

29. rākṣasāḥ ca kapimukhyāḥ tām dustarām nadīm teruḥ
yathā gajayūthapāḥ padmarajodhvustām nalinīm

29. The demons and the chief monkeys crossed that river, which was difficult to traverse, much like herds of elephants pass through a lotus pond covered with lotus pollen.

Words meanings summery:

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - demons, ogres

• कपिमुख्याः (kapimukhyāḥ) - chief monkeys, principal monkeys

• च (ca) - and

• तेरुः (teruḥ) - they crossed, they swam across

• ताम् (tām) - referring to the river (that, her)

• दुस्तराम् (dustarām) - difficult to cross, hard to traverse

• नदीम् (nadīm) - river

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• पद्मरजोध्वुस्ताम् (padmarajodhvustām) - covered with lotus pollen

• नलिनीम् (nalinīm) - lotus pond, lotus plant, assemblage of lotuses

• गजयूथपाः (gajayūthapāḥ) - leaders of elephant herds, elephant herds

Words meanings and morphology

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - demons, ogres

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon, a fiend, an ogre

from √rakṣ (to protect) + suffix -asa, but often associated with harmful beings in mythology

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

कपिमुख्याः (kapimukhyāḥ) - chief monkeys, principal monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kapimukhya

kapimukhya - a chief monkey

Compound of kapi and mukhya

Compound type : tatpurusha (kapi+mukhya)

• kapi – a monkey, an ape
  noun (masculine)
• mukhya – principal, chief, foremost
  adjective (masculine)
  from mukha (face, front) + yaT suffix

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तेरुः (teruḥ) - they crossed, they swam across

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of tṛ

Root: tṛ (class 1)

ताम् (tām) - referring to the river (that, her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Feminine accusative singular.

दुस्तराम् (dustarām) - difficult to cross, hard to traverse

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dustara

dustara - difficult to cross, hard to traverse, impassable

Gerundive (kṛtya) from √tṛ with 'dus'

'dus' (difficult) + √tṛ (to cross) + -a (suffix for kṛtya/gerundive formation, implying 'to be crossed')

Prefix: dus

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with `nadīm`.

नदीम् (nadīm) - river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - a river

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

पद्मरजोध्वुस्ताम् (padmarajodhvustām) - covered with lotus pollen

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of padmarajodhvasta

padmarajodhvasta - covered/stained with lotus pollen

compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (padma+rajas+dhvasta)

• padma – a lotus
  noun (neuter)
• rajas – pollen, dust, dirt, passion
  noun (neuter)
• dhvasta – covered, stained, destroyed, ruined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √dhvaṃs (to fall down, destroy, cover) + kta (passive participle suffix)
  Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with `nalinīm`.

नलिनीम् (nalinīm) - lotus pond, lotus plant, assemblage of lotuses

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nalinī

nalinī - a lotus plant, a lotus pond

from nalina (lotus)

गजयूथपाः (gajayūthapāḥ) - leaders of elephant herds, elephant herds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gajayūthapa

gajayūthapa - chief of an elephant herd, elephant leader

Compound of gaja and yūthapa

Compound type : tatpurusha (gaja+yūthapa)

• gaja – an elephant
  noun (masculine)
• yūthapa – leader of a herd, chief of a troop
  noun (masculine)
  from yūtha (herd, troop) + pa (protector, from √pā 'to protect')
  Root: pā (class 2)