वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-46, verse-31

स तं परमदुर्धर्षमापतन्तं महाकपिः ।
प्रहस्तं ताडयामास वृक्षमुत्पाट्य वीर्यवान् ॥३१॥

31. sa taṃ paramadurdharṣamāpatantaṃ mahākapiḥ ,
prahastaṃ tāḍayāmāsa vṛkṣamutpāṭya vīryavān.

31. saḥ tam paramadurgharṣam āpatantam mahākapiḥ
prahastam tāḍayāmāsa vṛkṣam utpāṭya vīryavān

31. saḥ vīryavān mahākapiḥ vṛkṣam utpāṭya tam
paramadurgharṣam āpatantam prahastam tāḍayāmāsa

31. That mighty great monkey, having uprooted a tree, struck Prahasta, who was attacking and exceedingly formidable.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Mahākapi) (he, that)

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Prahasta) (him, that)

• परमदुर्घर्षम् (paramadurgharṣam) - exceedingly formidable, extremely difficult to overcome

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - attacking, advancing (attacking, falling upon, approaching)

• महाकपिः (mahākapiḥ) - the great monkey (Nīla) (the great monkey)

• प्रहस्तम् (prahastam) - Prahasta (name of a rākṣasa general)

• ताडयामास (tāḍayāmāsa) - struck (with a tree) (struck, beat)

• वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - a tree (used as a weapon) (a tree)

• उत्पाट्य (utpāṭya) - having uprooted, having torn out

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - mighty, powerful, valorous

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Mahākapi) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative singular of 'tad'.

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Prahasta) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine accusative singular of 'tad'.

Note: Object of `tāḍayāmāsa` and refers to `prahastam`.

परमदुर्घर्षम् (paramadurgharṣam) - exceedingly formidable, extremely difficult to overcome

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paramadurgharṣa

paramadurgharṣa - exceedingly formidable, supremely unconquerable

Compound of parama and durgharṣa

Compound type : karmadharaya (parama+durgharṣa)

• parama – supreme, highest, ultimate, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• durgharṣa – difficult to overcome, formidable, unassailable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/kṛtya from √dhṛṣ
  from dus (difficult) + √dhṛṣ (to dare, assault) + -a (suffix)
  Prefix: dus
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 1)

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - attacking, advancing (attacking, falling upon, approaching)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - falling upon, attacking, approaching, flying towards

Present Active Participle

From ā- + √pat (to fall, fly) + śatṛ (present active participle suffix)

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

महाकपिः (mahākapiḥ) - the great monkey (Nīla) (the great monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahākapi

mahākapi - a great monkey

Compound of mahā (great) and kapi (monkey)

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+kapi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• kapi – a monkey, an ape
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Nīla from the previous verse.

प्रहस्तम् (prahastam) - Prahasta (name of a rākṣasa general)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prahasta

prahasta - Prahasta (name of a prominent rākṣasa warrior, son of Rāvaṇa)

Note: Object of `tāḍayāmāsa`.

ताडयामास (tāḍayāmāsa) - struck (with a tree) (struck, beat)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of tāḍ

Causal stem of √taḍ (to strike), followed by perfect ending.

Root: taḍ (class 10)

वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - a tree (used as a weapon) (a tree)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - a tree

Note: Object of `utpāṭya`.

उत्पाट्य (utpāṭya) - having uprooted, having torn out

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From ut- + √paṭ (to burst, tear) + ya (suffix for absolutive when prefixed)

Prefix: ut

Root: paṭ (class 1)

Note: Specifies an action completed before the main verb `tāḍayāmāsa`.

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - mighty, powerful, valorous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - mighty, powerful, valorous, heroic, strong

From vīrya (valor, strength) + matup (possessive suffix)