वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-46, verse-19

अथ कुम्भहनुस्तत्र तारेणासाद्य वीर्यवान् ।
वृक्षेणाभिहतो मूर्ध्नि प्राणांस्तत्याज राक्षसः ॥१९॥

19. atha kumbhahanustatra tāreṇāsādya vīryavān ,
vṛkṣeṇābhihato mūrdhni prāṇāṃstatyāja rākṣasaḥ.

19. atha kumbhahanuḥ tu tatra tāreṇa āsādya vīryavān
vṛkṣeṇa abhihataḥ mūrdhni prāṇān tatyāja rākṣasaḥ

19. atha vīryavān rākṣasaḥ kumbhahanuḥ tu tatra tāreṇa
āsādya vṛkṣeṇa mūrdhni abhihataḥ prāṇān tatyāja

19. Then, the powerful Rākṣasa Kumbhahanu, having been confronted by Tāra there and struck on the head with a tree, gave up his life (prāṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover, and so)

• कुम्भहनुः (kumbhahanuḥ) - Kumbhahanu (Kumbhahanu (name of a rākṣasa))

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that place, at that time)

• तारेण (tāreṇa) - by Tāra (by Tāra (name of a monkey chief))

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having been confronted/attacked (having reached, having attacked, having obtained, having approached)

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful (powerful, valorous, heroic)

• वृक्षेण (vṛkṣeṇa) - with a tree (by a tree)

• अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck (struck, hit, assailed)

• मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head (on the head, at the top)

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - his life (prāṇa) (lives, breaths, vital airs (prāṇa))

• तत्याज (tatyāja) - gave up (he abandoned, gave up, left)

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - the Rākṣasa (demon, rākṣasa)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover, and so)

(indeclinable)

कुम्भहनुः (kumbhahanuḥ) - Kumbhahanu (Kumbhahanu (name of a rākṣasa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kumbhahanu

kumbhahanu - a rākṣasa named Kumbhahanu (literally, 'pot-jawed')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kumbha+hanu)

• kumbha – pot, pitcher, a measure, forehead of an elephant
  noun (masculine)
• hanu – jaw, chin
  noun (feminine)

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that place, at that time)

(indeclinable)

From tad + tra.

तारेण (tāreṇa) - by Tāra (by Tāra (name of a monkey chief))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tāra

tāra - Tāra (name of a monkey chief), star, pupil of the eye

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having been confronted/attacked (having reached, having attacked, having obtained, having approached)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed from ā- (prefix) + sad (root, to sit, settle) + lyap (absolutive suffix). Can imply 'having been reached/attacked' in passive context.

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful (powerful, valorous, heroic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - heroic, powerful, valorous, strong

From vīrya (valor, power) + vat (possessive suffix).

वृक्षेण (vṛkṣeṇa) - with a tree (by a tree)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

Note: Denotes the instrument of striking.

अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck (struck, hit, assailed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhihata

abhihata - struck, hit, assailed, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Formed from abhi- (prefix) + han (root, to strike, kill) + kta (suffix for PPP).

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head (on the head, at the top)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, skull, top, summit

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - his life (prāṇa) (lives, breaths, vital airs (prāṇa))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life, vital air (prāṇa), energy

From pra- (prefix) + an (root, to breathe) + a.

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Often used in plural to refer to one's life.

तत्याज (tatyāja) - gave up (he abandoned, gave up, left)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of tyaj

Perfect active 3rd person singular

From root √tyaj.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - the Rākṣasa (demon, rākṣasa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon, an evil being (rākṣasa)

From rakṣas + a (taddhita suffix).

Note: Refers to Kumbhahanu.