वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-46, verse-28

तां कापुरुषदुस्तारां युद्धभूमिमयीं नदीम् ।
नदीमिव घनापाये हंससारससेविताम् ॥२८॥

28. tāṃ kāpuruṣadustārāṃ yuddhabhūmimayīṃ nadīm ,
nadīmiva ghanāpāye haṃsasārasasevitām.

28. tām kāpuruṣadustārāṃ yuddhabhūmimayīṃ nadīm
nadīm iva ghanāpāye haṃsasārasasevitām

28. That river, made of the battlefield, is formidable for cowards to cross. It is like a river at the end of the monsoon season, frequented by swans and cranes.

Words meanings summery:

• तां (tāṁ) - that (referring to the river) (that, her)

• कापुरुषदुस्तारां (kāpuruṣadustārāṁ) - one formidable for cowards to cross (difficult to cross for cowards)

• युद्धभूमिमयीं (yuddhabhūmimayīṁ) - one consisting of the battlefield (consisting of the battlefield)

• नदीम् (nadīm) - river (river, stream)

• नदीम् (nadīm) - river (river, stream)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• घनापाये (ghanāpāye) - at the end of the monsoon season (at the end of the rainy season)

• हंससारससेविताम् (haṁsasārasasevitām) - one frequented by swans and cranes (frequented by swans and cranes)

Words meanings and morphology

तां (tāṁ) - that (referring to the river) (that, her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

कापुरुषदुस्तारां (kāpuruṣadustārāṁ) - one formidable for cowards to cross (difficult to cross for cowards)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kāpuruṣadustāra

kāpuruṣadustāra - difficult for bad men (cowards) to cross

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (kāpuruṣa+dustāra)

• kāpuruṣa – a bad man, coward
  noun (masculine)
• dustāra – difficult to cross, hard to overcome
  adjective
  Gerundive (karmaṇi)
  from root tṛ- (to cross) with prefix dus-
  Prefix: dus
  Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Compound adjective describing 'nadīm'

युद्धभूमिमयीं (yuddhabhūmimayīṁ) - one consisting of the battlefield (consisting of the battlefield)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yuddhabhūmimayī

yuddhabhūmimayī - consisting of or made of the battlefield

Bahuvrīhi compound with -maya suffix

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (yuddhabhūmi+maya)

• yuddhabhūmi – battlefield, field of battle
  noun (feminine)
• maya – made of, consisting of, full of (suffix)
  adjective
  secondary suffix
  Pāṇini 5.4.21

Note: Compound adjective describing 'nadīm'

नदीम् (nadīm) - river (river, stream)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river, stream

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: The main noun being described by the preceding adjectives.

नदीम् (nadīm) - river (river, stream)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river, stream

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Used in the simile 'nadīm iva'.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

घनापाये (ghanāpāye) - at the end of the monsoon season (at the end of the rainy season)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ghanāpāya

ghanāpāya - the end of the rainy season

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (ghana+apāya)

• ghana – cloud, dense, rainy season
  noun (masculine)
• apāya – departure, end, disappearance, loss
  noun (masculine)
  from root i- (to go) with prefix apa-
  Prefix: apa
  Root: i (class 2)

हंससारससेविताम् (haṁsasārasasevitām) - one frequented by swans and cranes (frequented by swans and cranes)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of haṃsasārasasevita

haṁsasārasasevita - frequented by swans and cranes

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (haṃsa+sārasa+sevita)

• haṃsa – swan, goose, a kind of large bird
  noun (masculine)
• sārasa – crane, a marsh bird
  noun (masculine)
• sevita – served, worshipped, attended to, frequented
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root sev- (to serve, frequent)
  Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Compound adjective describing 'nadīm'