वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-24, verse-6

धिङ् मामनार्यामसतीं याहं तेन विना कृता ।
मुहूर्तमपि रक्षामि जीवितं पापजीविता ॥६॥

6. dhiṅ māmanāryāmasatīṃ yāhaṃ tena vinā kṛtā ,
muhūrtamapi rakṣāmi jīvitaṃ pāpajīvitā.

6. dhik mām anāryām asatīm yā aham tena vinā
kṛtā muhūrtam api rakṣāmi jīvitam pāpajīvitā

6. dhik mām anāryām asatīm yā aham tena vinā
kṛtā muhūrtam api jīvitam rakṣāmi pāpajīvitā

6. Shame on me, ignoble and unfaithful, who, separated from him, preserves this life even for a moment, a life of wretchedness.

Words meanings summery:

• धिक् (dhik) - Shame!, Fie!, Alas!

• माम् (mām) - me

• अनार्याम् (anāryām) - ignoble, unworthy, not noble

• असतीम् (asatīm) - unchaste, unfaithful, bad woman

• या (yā) - who, which

• अहम् (aham) - I

• तेन (tena) - by Rāma (by him, with him)

• विना (vinā) - without, except for

• कृता (kṛtā) - separated (from him) (made, done, performed, created; separated)

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - moment, instant

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• रक्षामि (rakṣāmi) - I preserve, I protect, I keep

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living, existence

• पापजीविता (pāpajīvitā) - having a sinful life, living wretchedly, whose life is evil

Words meanings and morphology

धिक् (dhik) - Shame!, Fie!, Alas!

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

First person singular pronoun.

Note: Refers to the speaker, Sītā.

अनार्याम् (anāryām) - ignoble, unworthy, not noble

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of anāryā

anāryā - ignoble, unworthy, not noble, unchaste woman

Compound of 'an-' (not) and 'āryā' (noble woman).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+āryā)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• āryā – noble woman, respected lady
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine form of ārya.

Note: Qualifies 'mām'.

असतीम् (asatīm) - unchaste, unfaithful, bad woman

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of asatī

asatī - unchaste woman, unfaithful wife, a bad woman

Feminine form of 'asat' (not good, not virtuous). Compound of 'a-' (not) and 'satī' (chaste, virtuous woman).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+satī)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• satī – chaste woman, virtuous woman, faithful wife
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine of 'sat' (being, good, virtuous).
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'mām'.

या (yā) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the speaker ('aham').

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

First person singular pronoun.

Note: Refers to the speaker, Sītā.

तेन (tena) - by Rāma (by him, with him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Rāma.

विना (vinā) - without, except for

(indeclinable)

Preposition governing instrumental, accusative, or ablative.

कृता (kṛtā) - separated (from him) (made, done, performed, created; separated)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, created

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'yā aham'.

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - moment, instant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment, a short time, an instant

Note: Adverbial usage indicating duration.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphatic, 'even for a moment'.

रक्षामि (rakṣāmi) - I preserve, I protect, I keep

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of rakṣ

Present Active Indicative

Root of class 1, P.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living, existence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, existence; livelihood

Past Passive Participle (originally) used as a noun

From root 'jīv' (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Object of 'rakṣāmi'.

पापजीविता (pāpajīvitā) - having a sinful life, living wretchedly, whose life is evil

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pāpajīvitā

pāpajīvitā - having a sinful life, living wretchedly, whose life is evil

Compound of 'pāpa' (sinful, evil) and 'jīvitā' (life, having life).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pāpa+jīvitā)

• pāpa – sin, evil, wicked
  noun (neuter)
• jīvitā – life, living
  noun (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle (feminine)
  Derived from root 'jīv' (to live).
  Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Refers to the speaker ('aham').

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