वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-24, verse-17

किं नु तत् कारणं येन रामो दृढपराक्रमः ।
रक्षसापहृतां भार्यामिष्टां नाभ्यवपद्यते ॥१७॥

17. kiṃ nu tat kāraṇaṃ yena rāmo dṛḍhaparākramaḥ ,
rakṣasāpahṛtāṃ bhāryāmiṣṭāṃ nābhyavapadyate.

17. kim nu tat kāraṇam yena rāmaḥ dṛḍhaparākramaḥ
rakṣasā apahṛtām bhāryām iṣṭām na abhyavapadyate

17. kim nu tat kāraṇam yena dṛḍhaparākramaḥ rāmaḥ
rakṣasā apahṛtām iṣṭām bhāryām na abhyavapadyate

17. What then is that reason by which Rāma, who is of firm valor, does not recover his beloved wife, who was carried away by a demon (rakṣas)?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what (what, which)

• नु (nu) - then (then, now, indeed)

• तत् (tat) - that

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason (reason, cause, motive)

• येन (yena) - by which (reason) (by which (neuter/masculine))

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (Rāma (proper name))

• दृढपराक्रमः (dṛḍhaparākramaḥ) - who is of firm valor (of firm valor, strong in prowess)

• रक्षसा (rakṣasā) - by a demon

• अपहृताम् (apahṛtām) - carried away (carried away, stolen, abducted)

• भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife (wife, spouse)

• इष्टाम् (iṣṭām) - beloved (beloved, desired, cherished)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अभ्यवपद्यते (abhyavapadyate) - does he recover/approach (approaches, obtains, recovers, comes to)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what (what, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Interrogative pronoun, neuter nominative/accusative singular

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

नु (nu) - then (then, now, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative/emphatic particle

Note: Emphatic or interrogative particle.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter nominative/accusative singular

Note: Refers to the reason.

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason (reason, cause, motive)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument

From root √kṛ (to do) + ana

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of the first clause ('What is that reason?').

येन (yena) - by which (reason) (by which (neuter/masculine))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, who, what

Relative pronoun, instrumental singular neuter (referring to kāraṇam)

Note: Connects the main clause to the subordinate clause explaining the reason.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (Rāma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper name)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

दृढपराक्रमः (dṛḍhaparākramaḥ) - who is of firm valor (of firm valor, strong in prowess)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛḍhaparākrama

dṛḍhaparākrama - of firm valor, strong in prowess

Compound of dṛḍha (firm, strong) and parākrama (valor, might)

Compound type : karmadharaya (dṛḍha+parākrama)

• dṛḍha – firm, strong, steadfast
  adjective (masculine)
  Past passive participle from √dṛṃh
  Root: dṛṃh (class 1)
• parākrama – valor, might, prowess
  noun (masculine)
  From pra-√kram
  Prefix: parā
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Apposition to Rāma.

रक्षसा (rakṣasā) - by a demon

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, evil spirit

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'apahṛtām'.

अपहृताम् (apahṛtām) - carried away (carried away, stolen, abducted)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of apahṛta

apahṛta - carried away, stolen, abducted

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root √hṛ with prefixes apa

Prefix: apa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bhāryām'.

भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife (wife, spouse)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, spouse

Feminine of bhārya (to be supported, maintained), from root √bhṛ

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of 'abhyavapadyate'.

इष्टाम् (iṣṭām) - beloved (beloved, desired, cherished)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, beloved, cherished, worshipped

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root √iṣ (to wish, desire)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'bhāryām'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Negates the verb.

अभ्यवपद्यते (abhyavapadyate) - does he recover/approach (approaches, obtains, recovers, comes to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of abhyavapad

Present Middle

Present, 3rd person singular, middle voice of √pad with prefixes abhi and ava

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the subordinate clause.

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