वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-24, verse-2

उन्मत्तेव प्रमत्तेव भ्रान्तचित्तेव शोचती ।
उपावृत्ता किशोरीव विवेष्टन्ती महीतले ॥२॥

2. unmatteva pramatteva bhrāntacitteva śocatī ,
upāvṛttā kiśorīva viveṣṭantī mahītale.

2. unmattā iva pramattā iva bhrāntacittā iva
śocatī upāvṛttā kiśorī iva viveṣṭantī mahītale

2. śocatī unmattā iva pramattā iva bhrāntacittā
iva kiśorī iva upāvṛttā mahītale viveṣṭantī

2. She laments like a madwoman, like one intoxicated, or like one with a bewildered mind. Like a young girl, she is writhing and rolling on the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• उन्मत्ता (unmattā) - like a madwoman (mad, insane, intoxicated)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as it were)

• प्रमत्ता (pramattā) - like one heedless or intoxicated (heedless, careless, intoxicated, negligent)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as it were)

• भ्रान्तचित्ता (bhrāntacittā) - like one with a bewildered mind (bewildered in mind, confused, distraught)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as it were)

• शोचती (śocatī) - lamenting (lamenting, grieving, sorrowing)

• उपावृत्ता (upāvṛttā) - who has returned (to distress) (returned, come back, revolved)

• किशोरी (kiśorī) - young girl (young girl, maiden)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as it were)

• विवेष्टन्ती (viveṣṭantī) - writhing and rolling about (writhing, rolling about, struggling)

• महीतले (mahītale) - on the ground (on the ground, on the surface of the earth)

Words meanings and morphology

उन्मत्ता (unmattā) - like a madwoman (mad, insane, intoxicated)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of unmatta

unmatta - mad, insane, intoxicated, frantic

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √mad (to be mad, intoxicated) with prefix ud- (up, out) and suffix -ta.

Prefix: ud

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Used here substantively, referring to a woman.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)

प्रमत्ता (pramattā) - like one heedless or intoxicated (heedless, careless, intoxicated, negligent)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pramatta

pramatta - heedless, careless, intoxicated, negligent, mad

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √mad (to be mad, intoxicated) with prefix pra- (forth, away) and suffix -ta.

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Used here substantively, referring to a woman.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)

भ्रान्तचित्ता (bhrāntacittā) - like one with a bewildered mind (bewildered in mind, confused, distraught)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhrāntacitta

bhrāntacitta - bewildered in mind, confused, distraught, having a confused mind

Compound word: bhrānta (bewildered, confused) + citta (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhrānta+citta)

• bhrānta – bewildered, confused, erred
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √bhram (to wander, to err) with suffix -ta.
  Root: bhram (class 1)
• citta – mind, consciousness, thought
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Used here substantively, referring to a woman.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)

शोचती (śocatī) - lamenting (lamenting, grieving, sorrowing)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śocat

śocat - lamenting, grieving, sorrowing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √śuc (to grieve, to sorrow) with present participle suffix -at.

Root: śuc (class 1)

उपावृत्ता (upāvṛttā) - who has returned (to distress) (returned, come back, revolved)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of upāvṛtta

upāvṛtta - returned, come back, revolved, retreated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vṛt (to turn, to be) with prefixes upa- (near, towards) and ā- (to, back) and suffix -ta.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to the state of returning or turning back, implying a distressful reversal.

किशोरी (kiśorī) - young girl (young girl, maiden)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kiśorī

kiśorī - young girl, maiden, young mare

Feminine form of kiśora.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)

विवेष्टन्ती (viveṣṭantī) - writhing and rolling about (writhing, rolling about, struggling)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of viveṣṭat

viveṣṭat - writhing, struggling, rolling about

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √veṣṭ (to wrap, to encompass) with prefix vi- (apart, asunder) and present participle suffix -at.

Prefix: vi

Root: veṣṭ (class 1)

महीतले (mahītale) - on the ground (on the ground, on the surface of the earth)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahītala

mahītala - earth's surface, ground, earth-plane

Compound word: mahī (earth) + tala (surface, ground).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+tala)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, ground, plane
  noun (masculine)

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