वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-24, verse-4

राक्षसी वशमापन्ना भर्त्यमाना सुदारुणम् ।
चिन्तयन्ती सुदुःखार्ता नाहं जीवितुमुत्सहे ॥४॥

4. rākṣasī vaśamāpannā bhartyamānā sudāruṇam ,
cintayantī suduḥkhārtā nāhaṃ jīvitumutsahe.

4. rākṣasī vaśam āpannā bhartsyamānā sudāruṇam
cintayantī suduḥkhārtā na aham jīvitum utsahe

4. rākṣasī vaśam āpannā sudāruṇam bhartsyamānā
suduḥkhārtā cintayantī aham jīvitum na utsahe

4. Having fallen into the power of these female rākṣasas (rākṣasī), being horribly threatened, and afflicted by intense sorrow as I contemplate my fate, I no longer wish to live.

Words meanings summery:

• राक्षसी (rākṣasī) - female rākṣasa (female rākṣasa, demoness)

• वशम् (vaśam) - power (of the rākṣasī) (power, control, will, subjugation)

• आपन्ना (āpannā) - having fallen into (fallen into, attained, reached, experienced)

• भर्त्स्यमाना (bhartsyamānā) - being terribly threatened (being threatened, being reprimanded, being reviled)

• सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - horribly (in reference to being threatened) (very terribly, extremely cruel, severely)

• चिन्तयन्ती (cintayantī) - as I contemplate my fate (thinking, pondering, reflecting)

• सुदुःखार्ता (suduḥkhārtā) - afflicted by intense sorrow (greatly distressed, afflicted by deep sorrow)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live (to live, in order to live)

• उत्सहे (utsahe) - I wish/am able (to live) (I am able, I dare, I am ready)

Words meanings and morphology

राक्षसी (rākṣasī) - female rākṣasa (female rākṣasa, demoness)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rākṣasī

rākṣasī - female rākṣasa, demoness

Feminine form of rākṣasa.

Note: Here, in compound with vaśa, it implies 'power of rākṣasīs', often referring to a group.

वशम् (vaśam) - power (of the rākṣasī) (power, control, will, subjugation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - power, control, will, subjugation

Note: Used with āpannā to mean 'fallen into the power of'.

आपन्ना (āpannā) - having fallen into (fallen into, attained, reached, experienced)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - fallen into, attained, reached, experienced, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √āp (to obtain, to reach) with suffix -ta, and prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Describes the state of the speaker, Sītā.

भर्त्स्यमाना (bhartsyamānā) - being terribly threatened (being threatened, being reprimanded, being reviled)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhartsyamāna

bhartsyamāna - being threatened, being reprimanded, being reviled

Present Passive Participle

Derived from causative of root √bharts (to threaten, revile) with passive participle suffix -māna.

Root: bharts (class 10)

Note: Describes the ongoing action experienced by Sītā.

सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - horribly (in reference to being threatened) (very terribly, extremely cruel, severely)

(indeclinable)

Compound: su- (very, exceedingly) + dāruṇa (terrible, cruel).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating intensity or goodness.
• dāruṇa – terrible, cruel, harsh, severe
  adjective (masculine)
  From √dṝ (to tear, burst) or √dru (to run).
  Root: dṝ (class 9)

Note: Used adverbially here.

चिन्तयन्ती (cintayantī) - as I contemplate my fate (thinking, pondering, reflecting)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of cintayant

cintayant - thinking, pondering, reflecting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √cit (to perceive, to think) in causative form (cintaya) with present participle suffix -ant.

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Describes the ongoing mental state of the speaker.

सुदुःखार्ता (suduḥkhārtā) - afflicted by intense sorrow (greatly distressed, afflicted by deep sorrow)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of suduḥkhārta

suduḥkhārta - greatly distressed, afflicted by deep sorrow

Compound: su- (very, greatly) + duḥkha (sorrow, pain) + ārta (afflicted).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+duḥkha+ārta)

• su – good, well, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating intensity or goodness.
• duḥkha – suffering, sorrow, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
  From dus- (bad) + kha (hole/space).
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √ṛ (to go, to move) or √ṛdh (to afflict, to cause pain) or √ṛt (to be sick).
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of the speaker, Sītā.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Refers to Sītā.

जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live (to live, in order to live)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from root √jīv (to live) with infinitive suffix -tum.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Purpose infinitive.

उत्सहे (utsahe) - I wish/am able (to live) (I am able, I dare, I am ready)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (lat) of utsah

Derived from root √sah (to be able, to endure) with prefix ud- (up, out).

Prefix: ud

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: First person singular, present indicative, middle voice.

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