वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-24, verse-48

प्रियान्न संभवेद्दुःखमप्रियादधिकं भयम् ।
ताभ्यां हि ये वियुज्यन्ते नमस्तेषां महात्मनाम् ॥४८॥

48. priyānna saṃbhavedduḥkhamapriyādadhikaṃ bhayam ,
tābhyāṃ hi ye viyujyante namasteṣāṃ mahātmanām.

48. priyāt na saṃbhavet duḥkham apriyāt adhikam bhayam
tābhyām hi ye viyujyante namaḥ teṣām mahātmanām

48. priyāt duḥkham na saṃbhavet apriyāt adhikam bhayam
hi ye tābhyām viyujyante teṣām mahātmanām namaḥ

48. From what is dear, sorrow does not arise, nor does excessive fear arise from what is unpleasant. Indeed, salutations (namas) to those great-souled (mahātman) beings who are liberated from both of these (likes and dislikes).

Words meanings summery:

• प्रियात् (priyāt) - from what is dear, from a beloved object/person

• न (na) - not

• संभवेत् (saṁbhavet) - may arise, should arise, arises

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain

• अप्रियात् (apriyāt) - from what is unpleasant, from a disliked object/person

• अधिकम् (adhikam) - excessive, much, additional

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear

• ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) - from those two, by those two

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• ये (ye) - who (masculine nominative plural)

• वियुज्यन्ते (viyujyante) - they are separated, they are freed, they are disjoined

• नमः (namaḥ) - salutations (namas) (salutation, obeisance)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - to those (masculine genitive plural)

• महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - great-souled (mahātman) (of the great-souled, to the great-souled)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रियात् (priyāt) - from what is dear, from a beloved object/person

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, liked

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Refers to the source of sorrow.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

संभवेत् (saṁbhavet) - may arise, should arise, arises

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, potential (vidhi-liṅ) of saṃbhū

Potential/Optative Active

From root bhū- (to be, to become) with prefix sam- (together, completely). Class 1, parasmaipada.

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, distress, misery

Note: Subject of `saṃbhavet`.

अप्रियात् (apriyāt) - from what is unpleasant, from a disliked object/person

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unloved, disliked, unpleasant, disagreeable

Compound formed with negative prefix a- and priya (dear).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• priya – dear, beloved, liked
  adjective (neuter)
  Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Refers to the source of fear.

अधिकम् (adhikam) - excessive, much, additional

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhika

adhika - excessive, abundant, more, greater, superior

From adhi- (over, above) and ka (suffix).

Note: Agrees with `bhayam`.

भयम् (bhayam) - fear

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, terror, dread, apprehension

From root bhī- (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'saṃbhavet'.

ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) - from those two, by those two

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Used in ablative with `viyujyante` ('separated from').

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - who (masculine nominative plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Subject of `viyujyante`.

वियुज्यन्ते (viyujyante) - they are separated, they are freed, they are disjoined

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of vi-yuj

Present Passive/Middle Indicative

From root yuj- (to join, unite) with prefix vi- (apart, away). Passive form. Class 7, ātmanepada.

Prefix: vi

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Ātmanepada form used for passive meaning.

नमः (namaḥ) - salutations (namas) (salutation, obeisance)

(indeclinable)

Originally a Vedic indeclinable, later declined as a neuter noun.

Root: nam (class 1)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - to those (masculine genitive plural)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Used with `namaḥ` (salutations to) which can take a genitive object, especially in later Sanskrit, instead of the more common dative.

महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - great-souled (mahātman) (of the great-souled, to the great-souled)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted person

Compound of mahā (great) and ātman (self, soul).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual self (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `teṣām`.

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