वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-24, verse-16

कामं मध्ये समुद्रस्य लङ्केयं दुष्प्रधर्षणा ।
न तु राघवबाणानां गतिरोधी ह विद्यते ॥१६॥

16. kāmaṃ madhye samudrasya laṅkeyaṃ duṣpradharṣaṇā ,
na tu rāghavabāṇānāṃ gatirodhī ha vidyate.

16. kāmam madhye samudrasya laṅkā iyam duṣpradharṣaṇā
na tu rāghavabāṇānām gatirodhī ha vidyate

16. kāmam iyam laṅkā samudrasya madhye duṣpradharṣaṇā
tu ha rāghavabāṇānām gatirodhī na vidyate

16. Indeed, this Laṅkā, situated in the middle of the ocean (samudra), is difficult to assault. But surely, there exists no obstruction to the path of Rāghava's arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• कामम् (kāmam) - indeed (indeed, certainly, willingly, according to desire)

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle of (in the middle of, among)

• समुद्रस्य (samudrasya) - of the ocean (of the ocean, of the sea)

• लङ्का (laṅkā) - Laṅkā (Laṅkā (name of an island city))

• इयम् (iyam) - this (this (feminine))

• दुष्प्रधर्षणा (duṣpradharṣaṇā) - difficult to assault (difficult to assault, impregnable, invincible)

• न (na) - no, not (not, no)

• तु (tu) - but (but, however, on the other hand)

• राघवबाणानाम् (rāghavabāṇānām) - of Rāghava's arrows

• गतिरोधी (gatirodhī) - an obstruction to their path (an obstruction to the path, one who obstructs movement)

• ह (ha) - surely (indeed, surely, oh!)

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists (exists, is found, is)

Words meanings and morphology

कामम् (kāmam) - indeed (indeed, certainly, willingly, according to desire)

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular of kāma (desire), used adverbially

Note: Emphatic particle, acknowledging a point.

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle of (in the middle of, among)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, center

Locative singular of madhya

Note: Indicates location.

समुद्रस्य (samudrasya) - of the ocean (of the ocean, of the sea)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

From sam-ud-√rā (to flow together)

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: rā (class 1)

Note: Possessive, specifies what 'madhye' refers to.

लङ्का (laṅkā) - Laṅkā (Laṅkā (name of an island city))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Laṅkā (proper name of the city/island)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

इयम् (iyam) - this (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun, nominative singular feminine

Note: Refers to Laṅkā.

दुष्प्रधर्षणा (duṣpradharṣaṇā) - difficult to assault (difficult to assault, impregnable, invincible)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duṣpradharṣaṇa

duṣpradharṣaṇa - difficult to assault, impregnable, invincible

Compound with duṣ- (difficult) and pradharṣaṇa (assault)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+pradharṣaṇa)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness
• pradharṣaṇa – assault, attack, overcoming
  noun (neuter)
  Agent/action noun
  Derived from pra-√dhṛṣ
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective for Laṅkā.

न (na) - no, not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Negates the existence.

तु (tu) - but (but, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Introduces a contrasting statement.

राघवबाणानाम् (rāghavabāṇānām) - of Rāghava's arrows

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rāghavabāṇa

rāghavabāṇa - Rāghava's arrow

Compound of Rāghava (descendant of Raghu, i.e., Rāma) and bāṇa (arrow)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rāghava+bāṇa)

• rāghava – descendant of Raghu (epithet of Rāma)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Patronymic from Raghu
• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive, relating to 'gatirodhī'.

गतिरोधी (gatirodhī) - an obstruction to their path (an obstruction to the path, one who obstructs movement)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatirodhin

gatirodhin - obstructing motion, an obstacle to movement

Compound of gati (movement) and rodhin (obstructing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (gati+rodhin)

• gati – motion, movement, path
  noun (feminine)
  From root √gam
  Root: gam (class 1)
• rodhin – obstructing, stopping
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from √rudh
  Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Subject of the second clause (implicitly 'no obstruction exists').

ह (ha) - surely (indeed, surely, oh!)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or interrogative particle

Note: Emphasizes the statement.

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists (exists, is found, is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vid

Present Middle

Present, 3rd person singular, middle voice of √vid (class 4)

Root: vid (class 4)

Note: The verb of existence.

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