वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-24, verse-15

विराधो दण्डकारण्ये येन राक्षसपुंगवः ।
रणे रामेण निहतः स मां किं नाभिपद्यते ॥१५॥

15. virādho daṇḍakāraṇye yena rākṣasapuṃgavaḥ ,
raṇe rāmeṇa nihataḥ sa māṃ kiṃ nābhipadyate.

15. virādhaḥ daṇḍakāraṇye yena rākṣasapuṅgavaḥ
raṇe rāmeṇa nihataḥ saḥ mām kim na abhipadyate

15. yena daṇḍakāraṇye rākṣasapuṅgavaḥ virādhaḥ
raṇe rāmeṇa nihataḥ saḥ kim mām na abhipadyate

15. Why does that Rāma, by whom the foremost demon (rākṣasapuṅgava) Virādha was killed in battle (raṇa) in the Daṇḍaka forest (daṇḍakāraṇya), not come to my aid?

Words meanings summery:

• विराधः (virādhaḥ) - Virādha (a specific demon) (Virādha (proper name))

• दण्डकारण्ये (daṇḍakāraṇye) - in the Daṇḍaka forest (daṇḍakāraṇya) (in the Daṇḍaka forest)

• येन (yena) - by whom (referring to Rāma) (by whom (masculine))

• राक्षसपुङ्गवः (rākṣasapuṅgavaḥ) - the foremost demon (rākṣasapuṅgava) (foremost among demons, excellent demon)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

• रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rāma

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed (killed, struck down, destroyed)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Rāma) (he, that (masculine))

• माम् (mām) - me (Sītā) (me)

• किम् (kim) - why? (what? why?)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अभिपद्यते (abhipadyate) - approach / come to my aid (approaches, obtains, reaches, meets)

Words meanings and morphology

विराधः (virādhaḥ) - Virādha (a specific demon) (Virādha (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virādha

virādha - Virādha (name of a demon)

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

दण्डकारण्ये (daṇḍakāraṇye) - in the Daṇḍaka forest (daṇḍakāraṇya) (in the Daṇḍaka forest)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of daṇḍakāraṇya

daṇḍakāraṇya - Daṇḍaka forest (a specific forest)

Compound of Daṇḍaka (name of a region) and araṇya (forest)

Compound type : tatpurusha (daṇḍaka+araṇya)

• daṇḍaka – Daṇḍaka (name of a region/forest)
  proper noun (neuter)
• araṇya – forest, wilderness
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location of the event.

येन (yena) - by whom (referring to Rāma) (by whom (masculine))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yat

yat - which, who, what

Relative pronoun, instrumental singular masculine

Note: Refers to Rāma.

राक्षसपुङ्गवः (rākṣasapuṅgavaḥ) - the foremost demon (rākṣasapuṅgava) (foremost among demons, excellent demon)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasapuṅgava

rākṣasapuṅgava - foremost among demons, excellent demon

Compound of rākṣasa (demon) and puṅgava (bull, chief, excellent)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rākṣasa+puṅgava)

• rākṣasa – demon, rakṣas
  noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, chief, excellent, foremost
  noun (masculine)

Note: Apposition to Virādha.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

From root √raṇ (to rejoice, to sound)

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Location of the action.

रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rāma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper name)

Note: Agent of killing.

निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed (killed, struck down, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root √han with the prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to Virādha.

सः (saḥ) - he (Rāma) (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, nominative singular masculine

Note: Refers back to Rāma implied by 'yena'.

माम् (mām) - me (Sītā) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Accusative singular of the first person pronoun

Note: Object of 'abhipadyate'.

किम् (kim) - why? (what? why?)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative particle

Note: Introduces a rhetorical question.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Negates the verb.

अभिपद्यते (abhipadyate) - approach / come to my aid (approaches, obtains, reaches, meets)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of abhipad

Present Middle

Present, 3rd person singular, middle voice of √pad with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the question.

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