वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-24, verse-33

अकार्यं ये न जानन्ति नैरृताः पापकारिणः ।
अधर्मात्तु महोत्पातो भविष्यति हि साम्प्रतम् ॥३३॥

33. akāryaṃ ye na jānanti nairṛtāḥ pāpakāriṇaḥ ,
adharmāttu mahotpāto bhaviṣyati hi sāmpratam.

33. akāryam ye na jānanti nairṛtāḥ pāpakāriṇaḥ
adharmāt tu mahotpātaḥ bhaviṣyati hi sāmpratam

33. ye nairṛtāḥ pāpakāriṇaḥ akāryam na jānanti
adharmāt tu hi sāmpratam mahotpātaḥ bhaviṣyati

33. Those rākṣasas who do not understand wrong (akāryam), those evil-doers—indeed, a great catastrophe will now arise from their lack of natural law (adharma).

Words meanings summery:

• अकार्यम् (akāryam) - improper act, wrong deed, what ought not to be done

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• न (na) - not, no

• जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know, they understand

• नैरृताः (nairṛtāḥ) - rākṣasas, demons (descendants of Nirṛti)

• पापकारिणः (pāpakāriṇaḥ) - evil-doers, sinners

• अधर्मात् (adharmāt) - from their lack of natural law (adharma) (from unrighteousness, due to unrighteousness)

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• महोत्पातः (mahotpātaḥ) - great catastrophe (great calamity, great evil omen)

• भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be, will happen

• हि (hi) - Emphatic particle, 'surely' (indeed, for, because)

• साम्प्रतम् (sāmpratam) - now, at present, immediately

Words meanings and morphology

अकार्यम् (akāryam) - improper act, wrong deed, what ought not to be done

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akārya

akārya - improper, not to be done, wrong deed

Gerundive

Negation (a-) of kārya (that which is to be done), from root kṛ (to do).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kārya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix
• kārya – to be done, duty, action
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root kṛ (to do) with suffix -ya
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'jānanti'.

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'nairṛtāḥ' and 'pāpakāriṇaḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates 'jānanti'.

जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present Tense, 3rd Person Plural, Active Voice.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Verb for 'ye nairṛtāḥ pāpakāriṇaḥ'.

नैरृताः (nairṛtāḥ) - rākṣasas, demons (descendants of Nirṛti)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nairṛta

nairṛta - pertaining to Nirṛti; a demon, rākṣasa

From Nirṛti (goddess of decay/calamity).

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

पापकारिणः (pāpakāriṇaḥ) - evil-doers, sinners

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāpakārin

pāpakārin - doing evil, sinner, evil-doer

agent noun

Compound of pāpa (sin) + kārin (doer, from kṛ).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāpa+kārin)

• pāpa – sin, evil, wicked
  noun (neuter)
• kārin – doer, maker, performing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun suffix
  From root kṛ (to do) with suffix -in
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'nairṛtāḥ'.

अधर्मात् (adharmāt) - from their lack of natural law (adharma) (from unrighteousness, due to unrighteousness)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, vice, what is contrary to natural law (dharma)

Negation (a-) of dharma (natural law, righteousness).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix
• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause or origin.

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

Conjunction or emphatic particle.

Note: Emphatic particle, or slight contrast.

महोत्पातः (mahotpātaḥ) - great catastrophe (great calamity, great evil omen)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahotpāta

mahotpāta - great calamity, serious disturbance, evil omen

Karmadhāraya compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'utpāta' (calamity).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+utpāta)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine stem form of mahat.
• utpāta – calamity, evil omen, disturbance, rising up
  noun (masculine)
  From root pat (to fall) with prefix ut-
  Prefix: ut
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'bhaviṣyati'.

भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be, will happen

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhū

Future Tense, 3rd Person Singular, Active Voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

हि (hi) - Emphatic particle, 'surely' (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

साम्प्रतम् (sāmpratam) - now, at present, immediately

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

Note: Adverb of time.

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