वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-24, verse-10

प्रत्याख्यातं न जानाति नात्मानं नात्मनः कुलम् ।
यो नृशंस स्वभावेन मां प्रार्थयितुमिच्छति ॥१०॥

10. pratyākhyātaṃ na jānāti nātmānaṃ nātmanaḥ kulam ,
yo nṛśaṃsa svabhāvena māṃ prārthayitumicchati.

10. pratyākhyātam na jānāti na ātmānam na ātmanaḥ kulam
| yaḥ nṛśaṃsa svabhāvena mām prārthayitum icchati

10. yaḥ nṛśaṃsa svabhāvena mām prārthayitum icchati saḥ
pratyākhyātam na jānāti na ātmānam na ātmanaḥ kulam

10. He who, cruel by nature, desires to solicit me, understands neither rejection, nor his own self (ātman), nor his own lineage.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रत्याख्यातम् (pratyākhyātam) - rejection (of his advances) (rejected, refused; rejection, refusal)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• जानाति (jānāti) - understands (knows, understands)

• न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his own self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, essence)

• न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of his own (self), his own (of self, of soul, of spirit)

• कुलम् (kulam) - his own lineage (family, lineage, race, clan, house)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which, that (masculine singular nominative relative pronoun))

• नृशंस (nṛśaṁsa) - cruel (by nature) (cruel, wicked, mischievous, evil)

• स्वभावेन (svabhāvena) - by his inherent cruel nature (by nature, by inherent disposition, naturally)

• माम् (mām) - me (me (accusative of 1st person pronoun))

• प्रार्थयितुम् (prārthayitum) - to solicit (me) (to request, to pray for, to solicit, to beg)

• इच्छति (icchati) - desires (desires, wishes, wants)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रत्याख्यातम् (pratyākhyātam) - rejection (of his advances) (rejected, refused; rejection, refusal)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pratyākhyāta

pratyākhyāta - rejected, refused, repelled, gainsaid; refusal, rejection

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra-ati-ā-khyā.

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Used here as a noun, meaning 'rejection'.

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

जानाति (jānāti) - understands (knows, understands)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of jñā

Present active indicative

From root jñā, 9th class verb.

Root: jñā (class 9)

न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to mean "nor".

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his own self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, essence)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, life, person

Note: Refers to one's own self or inner being.

न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to mean "nor".

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of his own (self), his own (of self, of soul, of spirit)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, life, person

Note: Possessive, referring to one's own.

कुलम् (kulam) - his own lineage (family, lineage, race, clan, house)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, clan, house; noble family

Note: The object of "does not know".

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which, that (masculine singular nominative relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to the implied subject of the main clause.

नृशंस (nṛśaṁsa) - cruel (by nature) (cruel, wicked, mischievous, evil)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛśaṃsa

nṛśaṁsa - cruel, wicked, mischievous, malicious, injurious; a cruel person

Note: Adjective modifying 'yaḥ'.

स्वभावेन (svabhāvena) - by his inherent cruel nature (by nature, by inherent disposition, naturally)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svabhāva

svabhāva - one's own state or condition, inherent nature, innate disposition, natural property

From sva (own) + bhāva (being, state).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+bhāva)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• bhāva – being, existence, state, condition, nature, disposition
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhū + a.
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Indicates manner or cause.

माम् (mām) - me (me (accusative of 1st person pronoun))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I (first person pronoun)

Note: Object of 'prārthayitum'.

प्रार्थयितुम् (prārthayitum) - to solicit (me) (to request, to pray for, to solicit, to beg)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of prārth

infinitive

From pra + arth (10th class verb).

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Expresses purpose.

इच्छति (icchati) - desires (desires, wishes, wants)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of iṣ

Present active indicative

From root iṣ, 6th class verb.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

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