वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-24, verse-12

ख्यातः प्राज्ञः कृतज्ञश्च सानुक्रोशश्च राघवः ।
सद्वृत्तो निरनुक्रोशः शङ्के मद्भाग्यसंक्षयात् ॥१२॥

12. khyātaḥ prājñaḥ kṛtajñaśca sānukrośaśca rāghavaḥ ,
sadvṛtto niranukrośaḥ śaṅke madbhāgyasaṃkṣayāt.

12. khyātaḥ prājñaḥ kṛtajñaḥ ca sānukrośaḥ ca rāghavaḥ
| sadvṛttaḥ niranukrośaḥ śaṅke mat bhāgyasaṃkṣayāt

12. rāghavaḥ khyātaḥ prājñaḥ kṛtajñaḥ ca sānukrośaḥ ca
sadvṛttaḥ mat bhāgyasaṃkṣayāt niranukrośaḥ śaṅke

12. Rāghava is renowned, wise, grateful, compassionate, and of virtuous conduct. However, I suspect that due to the decline of my fortune, he has become uncompassionate.

Words meanings summery:

• ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - renowned (famous, renowned, celebrated, known)

• प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise (wise, intelligent, clever, learned)

• कृतज्ञः (kṛtajñaḥ) - grateful (grateful, thankful, knowing what has been done)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सानुक्रोशः (sānukrośaḥ) - compassionate (compassionate, merciful, pitiful)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāma (descendent of Raghu, Rāma)

• सद्वृत्तः (sadvṛttaḥ) - of virtuous conduct (virtuous, of good conduct, well-behaved)

• निरनुक्रोशः (niranukrośaḥ) - uncompassionate (pitiless, uncompassionate, cruel)

• शङ्के (śaṅke) - I suspect (I suspect, I fear, I doubt)

• मत् (mat) - my (my, of me)

• भाग्यसंक्षयात् (bhāgyasaṁkṣayāt) - due to the decline of my fortune (from the destruction of fortune, due to the decline of luck)

Words meanings and morphology

ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - renowned (famous, renowned, celebrated, known)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khyāta

khyāta - known, celebrated, famous, renowned

Past Passive Participle

From root khyā (2nd class) + kta.

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'rāghavaḥ'.

प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise (wise, intelligent, clever, learned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prājña

prājña - wise, intelligent, clever, knowing

From pra + jñā (root to know) with affix.

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Modifies 'rāghavaḥ'.

कृतज्ञः (kṛtajñaḥ) - grateful (grateful, thankful, knowing what has been done)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtajña

kṛtajña - grateful, thankful; knowing what has been done

Compound of kṛta (done) + jña (knowing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛta+jña)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (8th class) + kta.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• jña – knowing, acquainted with
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root jñā + ka.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Modifies 'rāghavaḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects attributes.

सानुक्रोशः (sānukrośaḥ) - compassionate (compassionate, merciful, pitiful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sānukrośa

sānukrośa - compassionate, merciful, pitiful

Compound of sa (with) + anukrośa (compassion).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+anukrośa)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  Prefix for 'with'.
• anukrośa – compassion, pity, sympathy
  noun (masculine)
  From anu-kruś (to lament after, to pity).
  Prefix: anu
  Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rāghavaḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects attributes.

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāma (descendent of Raghu, Rāma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu (an epithet for Rāma)

Patronymic from Raghu.

Note: Subject of the first part of the verse.

सद्वृत्तः (sadvṛttaḥ) - of virtuous conduct (virtuous, of good conduct, well-behaved)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sadvṛtta

sadvṛtta - of good conduct, virtuous, well-behaved

Compound of sat (good) + vṛtta (conduct).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+vṛtta)

• sat – good, true, excellent, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root as (to be).
  Root: as (class 2)
• vṛtta – conduct, course of action, behavior; happened, occurred
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛt (1st class) + kta.
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rāghavaḥ'.

निरनुक्रोशः (niranukrośaḥ) - uncompassionate (pitiless, uncompassionate, cruel)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niranukrośa

niranukrośa - pitiless, uncompassionate, cruel, ruthless

Compound of nir (without) + anukrośa (compassion).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+anukrośa)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• anukrośa – compassion, pity, sympathy
  noun (masculine)
  From anu-kruś (to lament after, to pity).
  Prefix: anu
  Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'rāghavaḥ'.

शङ्के (śaṅke) - I suspect (I suspect, I fear, I doubt)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of śaṅk

Present middle indicative

From root śaṅk (1st class)

Root: śaṅk (class 1)

Note: Implied subject "I" (Sītā).

मत् (mat) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I (first person pronoun)

Genitive singular form of 'aham'. Often used as a prefix for compounds.

Note: Part of the compound 'madbhāgyasaṃkṣayāt'.

भाग्यसंक्षयात् (bhāgyasaṁkṣayāt) - due to the decline of my fortune (from the destruction of fortune, due to the decline of luck)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of bhāgyasaṃkṣaya

bhāgyasaṁkṣaya - loss of fortune, destruction of luck, decline of prosperity

Compound of bhāgya (fortune) + saṃkṣaya (destruction/decline).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhāgya+saṃkṣaya)

• bhāgya – fortune, luck, destiny, prosperity
  noun (neuter)
  From root bhaj (to distribute) + ya.
  Root: bhaj (class 1)
• saṃkṣaya – destruction, loss, decline, consumption
  noun (masculine)
  From saṃ-kṣi (to destroy, consume) + a.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: The 'mat' is part of the compound, forming 'madbhāgyasaṃkṣayāt' (due to my fortune's decline).

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