वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-24, verse-20

कृतं कर्म महत्तेन मां तदाभ्यवपद्यता ।
तिष्ठता रावणद्वन्द्वे वृद्धेनापि जटायुषा ॥२०॥

20. kṛtaṃ karma mahattena māṃ tadābhyavapadyatā ,
tiṣṭhatā rāvaṇadvandve vṛddhenāpi jaṭāyuṣā.

20. kṛtam karma mahat tena mām tadā abhyavapadyatā
tiṣṭhatā rāvaṇa-dvandve vṛddhena api jaṭāyuṣā

20. mahat karma tena jaṭāyuṣā vṛddhena api mām
abhyavapadyatā rāvaṇa-dvandve tiṣṭhatā kṛtam

20. A great deed was performed by him, by Jaṭāyu, who, though old, then engaged on my behalf and stood his ground in a duel against Rāvaṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

• कर्म (karma) - (great) deed (deed, action, work)

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

• तेन (tena) - by him (Jaṭāyu) (by him, by that)

• माम् (mām) - me

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• अभ्यवपद्यता (abhyavapadyatā) - by the one who engaged on my behalf (by the one who engaged, by the one who approached for)

• तिष्ठता (tiṣṭhatā) - by the one who stood his ground (by the one who stood, by the one who resisted)

• रावण-द्वन्द्वे (rāvaṇa-dvandve) - in a duel against Rāvaṇa (in a pair with Rāvaṇa, in a duel with Rāvaṇa)

• वृद्धेन (vṛddhena) - (even) though old (by the old one, by the aged one)

• अपि (api) - even though (even, also, too)

• जटायुषा (jaṭāyuṣā) - by Jaṭāyu

Words meanings and morphology

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛ

kṛ - to do, to make, to perform

past passive participle

Root 'kṛ' (8th class) with 'kta' suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used impersonally ('it was done') or as adjective to 'karma'.

कर्म (karma) - (great) deed (deed, action, work)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - deed, action, work, fate, ritual (karma)

From root 'kṛ'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, extensive

Present participle stem of 'mah' (to be great) or simply an adjective.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'karma'.

तेन (tena) - by him (Jaṭāyu) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Jaṭāyu, who is the agent.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

First person pronoun.

Note: Object of 'abhyavapadyatā'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that). Adverb of time.

अभ्यवपद्यता (abhyavapadyatā) - by the one who engaged on my behalf (by the one who engaged, by the one who approached for)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of abhyavapad

abhyavapad - to fall upon, to engage, to approach, to attain

present participle

Root 'pad' with prefixes 'abhi' and 'ava'. Instrumental singular masculine of present participle (Atmanepada).

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with Jaṭāyuṣā, indicating his action.

तिष्ठता (tiṣṭhatā) - by the one who stood his ground (by the one who stood, by the one who resisted)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sthā

sthā - to stand, to stay, to resist

present participle

Root 'sthā' (1st class) with 'śatṛ' suffix. Instrumental singular masculine of present participle.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Jaṭāyuṣā, indicating his action.

रावण-द्वन्द्वे (rāvaṇa-dvandve) - in a duel against Rāvaṇa (in a pair with Rāvaṇa, in a duel with Rāvaṇa)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rāvaṇa-dvandva

rāvaṇa-dvandva - a pair (with) Rāvaṇa, a duel with Rāvaṇa

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (rāvaṇa+dvandva)

• rāvaṇa – Rāvaṇa (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• dvandva – pair, couple, conflict, duel
  noun (neuter)

वृद्धेन (vṛddhena) - (even) though old (by the old one, by the aged one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

past passive participle

From root 'vṛdh' (to grow).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Jaṭāyuṣā.

अपि (api) - even though (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Conveys the sense of 'even though' when combined with 'vṛddhena'.

जटायुषा (jaṭāyuṣā) - by Jaṭāyu

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jaṭāyu

jaṭāyu - Jaṭāyu (proper name of the vulture king)

Note: The primary agent of the action 'kṛtam karma'.

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