वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-41, verse-8

गिरिजालावृतां दुर्गां मार्गित्वा पश्चिमां दिशम् ।
ततः पश्चिममासाद्य समुद्रं द्रष्टुमर्हथ ।
तिमि नक्रायुत जलमक्षोभ्यमथ वानरः ॥८॥

8. girijālāvṛtāṃ durgāṃ mārgitvā paścimāṃ diśam ,
tataḥ paścimamāsādya samudraṃ draṣṭumarhatha ,
timi nakrāyuta jalamakṣobhyamatha vānaraḥ.

8. girijālāvṛtām durgām mārgitvā
paścimām diśam tataḥ paścimam āsādya
samudram draṣṭum arhatha timi
nakrāyuta jalam akṣobhyam atha vānaraḥ

8. paścimām diśam girijālāvṛtām durgām mārgitvā tataḥ paścimam samudram āsādya draṣṭum arhatha.
atha vānaraḥ,
jalam timi nakrāyuta akṣobhyam.

8. After searching the western direction, which is difficult to traverse and shrouded by mountain ranges, you should then, upon reaching the western ocean, behold it. Its waters are filled with large fish and crocodiles, and it is unagitated, O monkeys!

Words meanings summery:

• गिरिजालावृताम् (girijālāvṛtām) - covered with a network of mountains

• दुर्गाम् (durgām) - difficult to traverse (direction) (difficult to access, impassable, a fortress)

• मार्गित्वा (mārgitvā) - having searched, having investigated

• पश्चिमाम् (paścimām) - western, ultimate, last

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter, region

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

• पश्चिमम् (paścimam) - the western region or ocean (the west, western region)

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, having attained

• समुद्रम् (samudram) - the ocean, sea

• द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see, to look

• अर्हथ (arhatha) - you (plural) ought, are able, are worthy

• तिमि (timi) - large fish, whale

• नक्रायुत (nakrāyuta) - teeming with crocodiles, myriad crocodiles

• जलम् (jalam) - the water of the ocean (water)

• अक्षोभ्यम् (akṣobhyam) - unagitated, unshakable, immutable

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• वानरः (vānaraḥ) - O leaders of monkeys (as a collective address given arhatha) (O monkey!)

Words meanings and morphology

गिरिजालावृताम् (girijālāvṛtām) - covered with a network of mountains

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of girijālāvṛta

girijālāvṛta - covered or surrounded by a network of mountains

Compound giri (mountain) + jāla (net, network) + āvṛta (covered, surrounded). Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (giri+jāla+āvṛta)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gṛ (class 6)
• jāla – net, network, mesh
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jal (class 1)
• āvṛta – covered, surrounded, enveloped
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ā (prefix) + root vṛ (to cover, surround)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with durgām and diśam.

दुर्गाम् (durgām) - difficult to traverse (direction) (difficult to access, impassable, a fortress)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of durga

durga - difficult to go, impassable, inaccessible; a fortress, stronghold

dur (difficult) + ga (going)

Prefix: dur

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with diśam.

मार्गित्वा (mārgitvā) - having searched, having investigated

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root mārg (10th class) + suffix -tvā

Root: mārg (class 10)

पश्चिमाम् (paścimām) - western, ultimate, last

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of paścima

paścima - western, hindmost, last

Superlative/ordinal suffix -ima from paścā (behind, after)

Note: Agrees with diśam.

दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter, region

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky, region

From root diś (to point, show)

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Object of mārgitvā.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

(indeclinable)

Ablative of tad (that) used as an adverb.

पश्चिमम् (paścimam) - the western region or ocean (the west, western region)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paścima

paścima - western, hindmost, last; the west (as a noun)

Superlative/ordinal suffix -ima from paścā (behind, after)

Note: Object of āsādya.

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, having attained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from prefix ā + root sad (to sit, settle) + suffix -ya (for prefixed verbs)

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

समुद्रम् (samudram) - the ocean, sea

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

sam (together) + udra (water, from ud to wet).

Root: ud

Note: Object of draṣṭum.

द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see, to look

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed from root dṛś (to see) + suffix -tum

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अर्हथ (arhatha) - you (plural) ought, are able, are worthy

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, present (lat) of arh

Present active

2nd person plural, active voice. Implies obligation or ability.

Root: arh (class 1)

तिमि (timi) - large fish, whale

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of timi

timi - a large fish, whale, sea monster

Root: tim (class 1)

Note: Subject of the descriptive clause about the ocean's water, or part of a compound attribute.

नक्रायुत (nakrāyuta) - teeming with crocodiles, myriad crocodiles

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nakrāyuta

nakrāyuta - containing a myriad (or host) of crocodiles; teeming with crocodiles

Compound nakra (crocodile) + ayuta (ten thousand, a myriad; here simply 'many' or 'teeming with').

Compound type : tatpurusha (nakra+ayuta)

• nakra – crocodile, alligator
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nak
• ayuta – ten thousand, a myriad, countless, numerous
  noun (neuter)
  From a (not) + yuta (joined), or related to yuj (to join). But here it means 'ten thousand' or a large number.

Note: Agrees with jalam. The whole phrase timi nakrāyuta jalam describes the water of the ocean.

जलम् (jalam) - the water of the ocean (water)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water

Root: jal (class 1)

Note: Subject of the descriptive clause.

अक्षोभ्यम् (akṣobhyam) - unagitated, unshakable, immutable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akṣobhya

akṣobhya - not to be agitated, unshakable, immovable, calm

Gerundive with negative prefix

a (negative) + kṣobhya (to be agitated). From root kṣubh (to be agitated).

Root: kṣubh (class 4)

Note: Describes jalam.

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

Auspicious particle introducing a new topic or sequence.

वानरः (vānaraḥ) - O leaders of monkeys (as a collective address given arhatha) (O monkey!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape; belonging to a forest

Derived from vana (forest)

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Addressed to the monkey leaders.