वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-41, verse-25

तत्र प्राग्ज्योतिषं नाम जातरूपमयं पुरम् ।
यस्मिन् वस्ति दुष्टात्मा नरको नाम गुहासु च ॥२५॥

25. tatra prāgjyotiṣaṃ nāma jātarūpamayaṃ puram ,
yasmin vasti duṣṭātmā narako nāma guhāsu ca.

25. tatra prāgjyotiṣam nāma jātarūpamayam puram
yasmin vasti duṣṭātmā narakaḥ nāma guhāsu ca

25. tatra prāgjyotiṣam nāma jātarūpamayam puram asti
yasmin duṣṭātmā narakaḥ nāma vasti guhāsu ca

25. There, there is a golden city named Prāgjyotiṣa. In it, the wicked-minded Naraka dwells, and also in caves.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - in that region (there, in that place)

• प्राग्ज्योतिषम् (prāgjyotiṣam) - The city named Prāgjyotiṣa (Prāgjyotiṣa (a city name))

• नाम (nāma) - named (named, by name)

• जातरूपमयम् (jātarūpamayam) - golden (made of gold, golden)

• पुरम् (puram) - city (city, fortress)

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which (city) (in which, wherein)

• वस्ति (vasti) - dwells (dwells, resides)

• दुष्टात्मा (duṣṭātmā) - wicked-minded (wicked-souled, evil-minded)

• नरकः (narakaḥ) - Naraka (the demon king) (Naraka (a demon's name); hell)

• नाम (nāma) - named (named, by name)

• गुहासु (guhāsu) - in caves (of that region) (in caves)

• च (ca) - and also (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - in that region (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + tral suffix (locative sense).

प्राग्ज्योतिषम् (prāgjyotiṣam) - The city named Prāgjyotiṣa (Prāgjyotiṣa (a city name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāgjyotiṣa

prāgjyotiṣa - Prāgjyotiṣa (name of a city/region)

Compound: prāk (east) + jyotiṣa (light/star). Refers to a region/city in ancient India.

Compound type : tatpurusha (prāk+jyotiṣa)

• prāk – east, eastern
  indeclinable
• jyotiṣa – light, star, astrology
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jyut (class 1)

Note: Forms part of a descriptive phrase for 'puram'.

नाम (nāma) - named (named, by name)

(indeclinable)

Originally a noun, often used adverbially to mean 'named' or 'indeed'.

Note: Used as an adverb here.

जातरूपमयम् (jātarūpamayam) - golden (made of gold, golden)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jātarūpamaya

jātarūpamaya - made of gold, golden

Compound: jātarūpa (gold) + mayat (suffix meaning 'made of').

Compound type : tatpurusha (jātarūpa+maya)

• jātarūpa – gold
  noun (neuter)
  Compound: jāta (born) + rūpa (form, beauty). 'Born form' referring to gold.
• maya – made of, consisting of
  suffix
  Suffix -maya/-mayī/-mayam, forming adjectives meaning 'made of' or 'full of'.

Note: Agrees with 'puram'.

पुरम् (puram) - city (city, fortress)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, town, fortress, dwelling

Note: Subject of the sentence (implied 'asti').

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which (city) (in which, wherein)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'puram'.

वस्ति (vasti) - dwells (dwells, resides)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vas

Root vas, class 10 (P.A. or P.P.) or class 10 (U.A.). Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vas (class 10)

Note: Subject is 'narakaḥ'.

दुष्टात्मा (duṣṭātmā) - wicked-minded (wicked-souled, evil-minded)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṣṭātman

duṣṭātman - wicked-minded, evil-souled, depraved person

Compound: duṣṭa (wicked, bad) + ātman (soul, self).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (duṣṭa+ātman)

• duṣṭa – wicked, bad, corrupted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root duṣ (to be corrupted, to spoil) + kta suffix.
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: An epithet for Naraka.

नरकः (narakaḥ) - Naraka (the demon king) (Naraka (a demon's name); hell)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naraka

naraka - Naraka (name of a demon king); hell, underworld

Note: Subject of 'vasti'.

नाम (nāma) - named (named, by name)

(indeclinable)

Originally a noun, often used adverbially to mean 'named' or 'indeed'.

Note: Used as an adverb here, with 'Naraka'.

गुहासु (guhāsu) - in caves (of that region) (in caves)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of guhā

guhā - cave, cavern, hiding place

From root guh (to hide).

Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

च (ca) - and also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects "guhāsu" to the previous dwelling place.