वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-41, verse-47

ऊर्ध्वं मासान्न वस्तव्यं वसन् वध्यो भवेन्मम ।
सहैव शूरो युष्माभिः श्वशुरो मे गमिष्यति ॥४७॥

47. ūrdhvaṃ māsānna vastavyaṃ vasan vadhyo bhavenmama ,
sahaiva śūro yuṣmābhiḥ śvaśuro me gamiṣyati.

47. ūrdhvam māsāt na vastavyam vasan vadhyaḥ bhavet
mama saha eva śūraḥ yuṣmābhiḥ śvaśuraḥ me gamiṣyati

47. māsāt ūrdhvam na vastavyam vasan mama vadhyaḥ bhavet
me śūraḥ śvaśuraḥ yuṣmābhiḥ saha eva gamiṣyati

47. Staying beyond a month is forbidden; anyone who remains will be liable to be killed by me. My brave father-in-law will accompany you all.

Words meanings summery:

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards, above, beyond

• मासात् (māsāt) - from a month, after a month

• न (na) - not

• वस्तव्यम् (vastavyam) - should not be dwelled, staying is forbidden (to be dwelt, should be dwelled)

• वसन् (vasan) - one who is dwelling/remaining (dwelling, remaining, living)

• वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - deserving to be killed, punishable by death

• भवेत् (bhavet) - he would be, he should be, may he be

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• सह (saha) - with, along with

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - heroic, brave man, hero

• युष्माभिः (yuṣmābhiḥ) - by you all

• श्वशुरः (śvaśuraḥ) - father-in-law

• मे (me) - my, of me

• गमिष्यति (gamiṣyati) - he will go

Words meanings and morphology

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards, above, beyond

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here, governing the ablative.

मासात् (māsāt) - from a month, after a month

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of māsa

māsa - month

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

वस्तव्यम् (vastavyam) - should not be dwelled, staying is forbidden (to be dwelt, should be dwelled)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vastavya

vastavya - to be dwelled, habitable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Derived from root vas with -tavya suffix.

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Used impersonally in the passive sense, meaning 'one should not stay'.

वसन् (vasan) - one who is dwelling/remaining (dwelling, remaining, living)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasat

vasat - dwelling, living, residing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vas + śatṛ suffix.

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Refers to anyone who might stay longer.

वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - deserving to be killed, punishable by death

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhya

vadhya - to be killed, deserving of death, slayable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Derived from root han (to strike/kill), becoming vadh in gerundives/participles.

Root: han (class 2)

भवेत् (bhavet) - he would be, he should be, may he be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

सह (saha) - with, along with

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

शूरः (śūraḥ) - heroic, brave man, hero

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - hero, brave, valiant

युष्माभिः (yuṣmābhiḥ) - by you all

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

श्वशुरः (śvaśuraḥ) - father-in-law

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvaśura

śvaśura - father-in-law

मे (me) - my, of me

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

गमिष्यति (gamiṣyati) - he will go

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future indicative (lṛṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)