वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-41, verse-52

ततः सुषेण प्रमुखाः प्लवंगमाः सुग्रीववाक्यं निपुणं निशम्य ।
आमन्त्र्य सर्वे प्लवगाधिपं ते जग्मुर्दिशं तां वरुणाभिगुप्ताम् ॥५२॥

52. tataḥ suṣeṇa pramukhāḥ plavaṃgamāḥ sugrīvavākyaṃ nipuṇaṃ niśamya ,
āmantrya sarve plavagādhipaṃ te jagmurdiśaṃ tāṃ varuṇābhiguptām.

52. tataḥ suṣeṇa pramukhāḥ plavaṅgamāḥ
sugrīvavākyam nipuṇam niśamya
āmantrya sarve plavagādhipam te
jagmuḥ diśam tām varuṇābhiguptām

52. Then, the monkeys led by Suṣeṇa, having attentively listened to Sugrīva's command, all of them took leave of the lord of monkeys (Sugrīva) and departed for that western direction, which is protected by Varuṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• सुषेण (suṣeṇa) - Suṣeṇa (proper noun)

• प्रमुखाः (pramukhāḥ) - led by, headed by, chief

• प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys (lit. 'those who go by leaping')

• सुग्रीववाक्यम् (sugrīvavākyam) - Sugrīva's word/command

• निपुणम् (nipuṇam) - skillfully, carefully, attentively

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having listened carefully

• आमन्त्र्य (āmantrya) - having taken leave, having addressed

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them)

• प्लवगाधिपम् (plavagādhipam) - the lord of monkeys (Sugrīva) (the lord of monkeys)

• ते (te) - they

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction

• ताम् (tām) - that

• वरुणाभिगुप्ताम् (varuṇābhiguptām) - protected by Varuṇa

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

सुषेण (suṣeṇa) - Suṣeṇa (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suṣeṇa

suṣeṇa - Suṣeṇa (name of a monkey warrior)

Note: Part of the compound 'Suṣeṇa-pramukhāḥ'.

प्रमुखाः (pramukhāḥ) - led by, headed by, chief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pramukha

pramukha - chief, foremost, principal, headed by

Prefix: pra

Root: mukh

Note: Forms a compound with 'Suṣeṇa', indicating 'those led by Suṣeṇa'.

प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys (lit. 'those who go by leaping')

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey (lit. 'leaping-goer')

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (plava+gama)

• plava – leaping, jumping
  noun (masculine)
  from √plu 'to float, leap'
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Suffix
  from √gam 'to go'
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the monkey warriors.

सुग्रीववाक्यम् (sugrīvavākyam) - Sugrīva's word/command

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sugrīvavākya

sugrīvavākya - Sugrīva's speech, command of Sugrīva

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sugrīva+vākya)

• sugrīva – Sugrīva (king of the monkeys)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vākya – word, speech, command
  noun (neuter)
  from √vac 'to speak'
  Root: vac (class 2)

निपुणम् (nipuṇam) - skillfully, carefully, attentively

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb here, modifying 'niśamya'.

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having listened carefully

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from ni-√śam 'to observe, to hear'

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

आमन्त्र्य (āmantrya) - having taken leave, having addressed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from ā-√mantr 'to advise, to address, to take leave'

Prefix: ā

Root: mantr (class 10)

Note: Here, implies bidding farewell or taking leave.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'plavaṅgamāḥ'.

प्लवगाधिपम् (plavagādhipam) - the lord of monkeys (Sugrīva) (the lord of monkeys)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of plavagādhipa

plavagādhipa - lord of monkeys, king of monkeys

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (plavaṅga+adhipa)

• plavaṅga – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Sugrīva.

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers to the monkeys.

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

दिशम् (diśam) - direction

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter (of the sky)

ताम् (tām) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'diśam'.

वरुणाभिगुप्ताम् (varuṇābhiguptām) - protected by Varuṇa

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of varuṇābhigupta

varuṇābhigupta - protected by Varuṇa

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (varuṇa+abhigupta)

• varuṇa – Varuṇa (deity, guardian of the western direction)
  proper noun (masculine)
• abhigupta – well-protected, guarded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from abhi-√gup 'to protect'
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'diśam'. Varuṇa is traditionally associated with the west.