वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-1, verse-49

ताव् ऋष्यमूकं सहितौ प्रयातौ सुग्रीवशाखामृगसेवितं तम् ।
त्रस्तास्तु दृष्ट्वा हरयो बभूवुर्महौजसौ राघवलक्ष्मणौ तौ ॥४९॥

49. tāv ṛṣyamūkaṃ sahitau prayātau sugrīvaśākhāmṛgasevitaṃ tam ,
trastāstu dṛṣṭvā harayo babhūvurmahaujasau rāghavalakṣmaṇau tau.

49. tau ṛṣyamūkam sahitau prayātau
sugrīva-śākhāmṛga-sevitam tam |
trastāḥ tu dṛṣṭvā harayaḥ babhūvuḥ
mahā-ojasau rāghava-lakṣmaṇau tau

49. tau rāghava-lakṣmaṇau sahitau
sugrīva-śākhāmṛga-sevitam tam ṛṣyamūkam prayātau
tu harayaḥ mahā-ojasau tau
(rāghava-lakṣmaṇau) dṛṣṭvā trastāḥ babhūvuḥ

49. Those two, Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa, together proceeded to Mount Ṛṣyamūka, which was frequented by Sugrīva and the Vānaras (monkeys). However, upon seeing those two mighty Rāghava and Lakṣmaṇa, the monkeys became terrified.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two

• ऋष्यमूकम् (ṛṣyamūkam) - Mount Ṛṣyamūka (Ṛṣyamūka (mountain))

• सहितौ (sahitau) - accompanied, together

• प्रयातौ (prayātau) - (they two) went, proceeded

• सुग्रीव-शाखामृग-सेवितम् (sugrīva-śākhāmṛga-sevitam) - frequented by Sugrīva and the monkeys

• तम् (tam) - that (one)

• त्रस्ताः (trastāḥ) - frightened, terrified

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• हरयः (harayaḥ) - monkeys

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became

• महा-ओजसौ (mahā-ojasau) - mighty, of great vigor

• राघव-लक्ष्मणौ (rāghava-lakṣmaṇau) - Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa

• तौ (tau) - those two

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa.

ऋष्यमूकम् (ṛṣyamūkam) - Mount Ṛṣyamūka (Ṛṣyamūka (mountain))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ṛṣyamūka

ṛṣyamūka - Name of a mountain

Note: Object of prayātau.

सहितौ (sahitau) - accompanied, together

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sahita

sahita - accompanied, joined, connected

Past Passive Participle

From sa- (with) + root √dhā (to place, hold). dhā becomes hita in PPP.

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Adjective describing tau.

प्रयातौ (prayātau) - (they two) went, proceeded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of prayāta

prayāta - gone forth, departed, proceeded

Past Passive Participle

From root √yā (to go) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with tau.

सुग्रीव-शाखामृग-सेवितम् (sugrīva-śākhāmṛga-sevitam) - frequented by Sugrīva and the monkeys

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sugrīvaśākhāmṛgasevita

sugrīvaśākhāmṛgasevita - served/frequented by Sugrīva and the monkeys

Past Passive Participle

Compound adjective, where sevita (served) is qualified by sugrīvaśākhāmṛga.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sugrīva+śākhāmṛga+sevita)

• sugrīva – Sugrīva (name of the monkey king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• śākhāmṛga – monkey (literally 'branch-deer')
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: śākhā (branch) + mṛga (deer).
• sevita – served, worshipped, frequented
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √sev (to serve, frequent).
  Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Agrees with ṛṣyamūkam.

तम् (tam) - that (one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to ṛṣyamūkam.

त्रस्ताः (trastāḥ) - frightened, terrified

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of trasta

trasta - frightened, scared, terrified

Past Passive Participle

From root √tras (to tremble, be frightened).

Root: tras (class 1)

Note: Agrees with harayaḥ.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing contrast or emphasis.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root √dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

हरयः (harayaḥ) - monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hari

hari - monkey, lion, Viṣṇu, Indra (literally 'tawny, golden')

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of babhūvuḥ.

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect, 3rd person plural, active voice

Reduplicated root bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

महा-ओजसौ (mahā-ojasau) - mighty, of great vigor

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of mahāojas

mahāojas - having great vigor, powerful, mighty

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ojas)

• mahā – great, large, powerful
  adjective
  Stem of mahat.
• ojas – vigor, strength, power
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with rāghavalakṣmaṇau.

राघव-लक्ष्मणौ (rāghava-lakṣmaṇau) - Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of rāghavalakṣmaṇa

rāghavalakṣmaṇa - Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa

Dvandva compound of rāghava and lakṣmaṇa.

Compound type : dvandva (rāghava+lakṣmaṇa)

• rāghava – Rāma (descendant of Raghu)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Patronymic from Raghu.
• lakṣmaṇa – Lakṣmaṇa (brother of Rāma)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa, redundant with rāghavalakṣmaṇau for emphasis.